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Enterocytes are absorptive columnar epithelial cells that absorb nutrients; located in the lining of the small intestine.

The interstitial cells of Cajal act as pacemakers for smooth muscle cells, coordinating peristalsis; found in the muscularis externa of the GI tract.

The myenteric plexus controls GI tract motility by coordinating muscle contractions; it's located between the layers of the muscularis externa.

The muscularis externa consists of smooth muscle layers responsible for peristalsis and segmentation; it's located surrounding the submucosa along the entire GI tract.

Paneth cells secrete antibacterial enzymes like lysozyme, contributing to gut immunity; located at the base of intestinal crypts in the small intestine.

The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract that contains glands, epithelium, and lamina propria; it functions in secretion and absorption and can be found throughout the GI tract.

Serosa is the outermost protective layer of the GI tract that secretes serous fluid to reduce friction; found in the intraperitoneal parts of the GI tract.

Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, essential for digestion and B12 absorption; they are located in the stomach lining.

Goblet cells are mucus-secreting cells that lubricate and protect the GI tract lining; found interspersed among enterocytes in the intestines.

Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism; scattered throughout the gastrointestinal epithelium.

Kupffer cells are liver macrophages that destroy pathogens and remove debris; located in the liver sinusoids.

M cells are specialized cells for antigen sampling and transport in the immune system, found in the lymphoid follicles of the ileum in the small intestine.

Brush border cells have microvilli that increase surface area for nutrient absorption, located in the lining of the small intestine.

Submucosa is a layer of connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands that supports the mucosa and assists in the GI tract's vascular function; it is found surrounding the mucosa throughout the GI tract.