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Gastrointestinal Bleeding
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Mallory-Weiss Tear
Diagnosis: Endoscopy. Treatment: Usually self-limited, endoscopic hemostasis if bleeding persists, prevention of retching.
Esophageal Varices
Diagnosis: Endoscopy. Treatment: Band ligation, Sclerotherapy, beta-blockers to prevent rebleeding.
Hemorrhoids
Diagnosis: Clinical examination, anoscopy. Treatment: High-fiber diet, topical treatments, banding procedure, surgery.
Diverticular Disease
Diagnosis: CT scan, colonoscopy. Treatment: Antibiotics, bowel rest, surgery if complicated diverticulitis with perforation or significant bleeding.
Colon Cancer
Diagnosis: Colonoscopy and biopsy. Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Diagnosis: Endoscopy, H. pylori testing. Treatment: Proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics for H. pylori, cauterization if needed.
Gastric Erosion
Diagnosis: Endoscopy. Treatment: Proton pump inhibitors, antacids, avoid NSAIDs and alcohol.
Angiodysplasia
Diagnosis: Colonoscopy, angiography. Treatment: Endoscopic coagulation, angiographic embolization.
Gastroenteritis
Diagnosis: Clinical history, stool tests for pathogens. Treatment: Hydration, anti-motility agents, antibiotics if bacterial cause confirmed.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Diagnosis: Colonoscopy with biopsy, imaging. Treatment: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, surgery for complications.
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