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Gastrointestinal Bleeding

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Mallory-Weiss Tear

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Diagnosis: Endoscopy. Treatment: Usually self-limited, endoscopic hemostasis if bleeding persists, prevention of retching.

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Esophageal Varices

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Diagnosis: Endoscopy. Treatment: Band ligation, Sclerotherapy, beta-blockers to prevent rebleeding.

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Hemorrhoids

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Diagnosis: Clinical examination, anoscopy. Treatment: High-fiber diet, topical treatments, banding procedure, surgery.

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Diverticular Disease

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Diagnosis: CT scan, colonoscopy. Treatment: Antibiotics, bowel rest, surgery if complicated diverticulitis with perforation or significant bleeding.

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Colon Cancer

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Diagnosis: Colonoscopy and biopsy. Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.

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Peptic Ulcer Disease

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Diagnosis: Endoscopy, H. pylori testing. Treatment: Proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics for H. pylori, cauterization if needed.

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Gastric Erosion

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Diagnosis: Endoscopy. Treatment: Proton pump inhibitors, antacids, avoid NSAIDs and alcohol.

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Angiodysplasia

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Diagnosis: Colonoscopy, angiography. Treatment: Endoscopic coagulation, angiographic embolization.

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Gastroenteritis

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Diagnosis: Clinical history, stool tests for pathogens. Treatment: Hydration, anti-motility agents, antibiotics if bacterial cause confirmed.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

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Diagnosis: Colonoscopy with biopsy, imaging. Treatment: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, surgery for complications.

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