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Binocular Vision Anomalies

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Diplopia

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Definition: Commonly known as double vision, it is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object. Symptoms: Overlapping or side-by-side images, misalignment of objects, squinting may temporarily improve vision. Potential Treatments: Treat underlying cause, prisms in glasses, eye muscle surgery, botox injections.

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Convergence Insufficiency

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Definition: A condition characterized by the inability to maintain proper binocular eye alignment during close work. Symptoms: Double vision, headaches, eyestrain. Potential Treatments: Vision therapy with convergence exercises, prism glasses, sometimes reading glasses.

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Exotropia

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Definition: A type of strabismus where there is an outward turning of one or both eyes. Symptoms: Double vision, difficulty with depth perception, one eye that drifts outwards especially when tired or not focusing. Potential Treatments: Eye patching, vision therapy, glasses with prisms, and eye muscle surgery.

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Strabismus

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Definition: A condition where the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. Symptoms: Double vision, misaligned eye appearance, difficulty with depth perception. Potential Treatments: Eye exercises, glasses with or without prisms, eye patching, surgery.

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Anisometropia

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Definition: A condition where the two eyes have a different refractive power, leading to asymmetric focus. Symptoms: Blurred vision in one eye, difficulty with depth perception, headaches. Potential Treatments: Prescription glasses or contact lenses, refractive surgery, vision therapy.

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Binocular Vision Dysfunction

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Definition: A general term for a range of eye coordination problems that can cause discomfort or difficulty in merging the images from both eyes into a single, three-dimensional image. Symptoms: Eye strain, headaches, double vision. Potential Treatments: Vision therapy, corrective lenses, prism correction.

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Amblyopia

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Definition: Often known as 'lazy eye,' it is a vision development disorder where an eye fails to achieve normal visual acuity. Symptoms: Poor depth perception, eye may wander, blurred vision in one eye. Potential Treatments: Wearing an eye patch over the stronger eye, corrective glasses, vision therapy.

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Fourth Nerve Palsy

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Definition: A disorder involving the fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve) resulting in a weakness of the superior oblique muscle. Symptoms: Head tilt, double vision, vertical and torsional diplopia. Potential Treatments: Prisms in glasses, surgery to correct muscle imbalance, exercises to strengthen muscle.

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