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Invented the ophthalmoscope, which is a fundamental instrument used for examining the inside of the human eye.

Developed the slit lamp for eye examinations and descriptions of the optical system of the eye, earning him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

First to successfully implant an intraocular lens after cataract surgery which is a procedure now commonplace in cataract operations.

Known as the 'father of modern retinal surgery', developed tools and techniques for retinal detachment repair.

Pioneer of refractive surgery, specifically known for developing radial keratotomy in Japan to correct myopia.

His research on the role of oxygen therapy in retinopathy of prematurity helped save the eyesight of many infants.

Inventor of LASIK eye surgery and awarded a United States patent for the technique.

Introduced iridectomy for glaucoma treatment and a pioneer in the field of glaucoma research and surgery.

His work on the pathology of the eye has led to a greater understanding of diseases like retinoblastoma and retrolental fibroplasia.