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The Snellen Chart is a chart with rows of letters of decreasing size which is used to measure visual acuity from a standard distance, usually 20 feet. A score such as 20/20 or 6/6 is considered 'normal' vision.

The Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) Chart measures a subject's visual acuity using a geometric progression of letter size and standardized score, which provides more precise and repeatable results than the Snellen chart.

The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart is considered the gold standard for measuring visual acuity for research purposes and uses a series of charts to get an accurate assessment of acuity over a range of distances.

The Tumbling E Chart is a vision test used for individuals who cannot read or are too young to understand letters; the test subject indicates the orientation of the letter 'E' presented in different directions (up, down, left, right).