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The Visual Pathway
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Optic Radiation
Role in vision: Fibers connecting LGN to the primary visual cortex. Conditions if damaged: Homonymous Hemianopia with possible macular sparing.
Retina
Role in vision: Transforms light into electrical signals. Conditions if damaged: Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration.
Optic Nerve
Role in vision: Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Conditions if damaged: Glaucoma, Optic Neuritis.
Optic Chiasm
Role in vision: The point where optic nerves partially cross. Conditions if damaged: Bitemporal Hemianopia.
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Role in vision: Principal relay center for visual information to the visual cortex. Conditions if damaged: Homonymous Hemianopia.
Primary Visual Cortex (V1)
Role in vision: Processes simple visual information and sends it to higher visual areas. Conditions if damaged: Cortical Blindness.
Macula
Role in vision: Responsible for central vision and high-acuity vision. Conditions if damaged: Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Maculopathy.
Fovea
Role in vision: Provides the sharpest vision due to a high concentration of cones. Conditions if damaged: Central Scotoma.
Visual Association Area
Role in vision: Interprets and processes visual information from V1 for recognition and comprehension. Conditions if damaged: Visual Agnosia, Prosopagnosia.
Optic Disc
Role in vision: Point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Conditions if damaged: Papilledema, Optic Atrophy.
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