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Basics of Gait Analysis

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Terminal Swing

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The limb decelerates with knee extension in preparation for heel strike, completing the swing phase.

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Equinus Gait

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A type of gait where the heel does not touch down, resulting in toe walking; may be due to Achilles tendon shortening.

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Midswing

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Continued advancement of the limb with the knee in a flexed position; the foot clears the ground.

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Trendelenburg Gait

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Caused by weakness of the hip abductor muscles (gluteus medius and minimus); pelvis drops on the contralateral side during stance phase.

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Terminal Stance (Heel Off)

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The heel rises off the ground, and the body prepares for toe-off to initiate the swing phase for the opposite leg.

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Heel Strike (Initial Contact)

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The moment when the heel touches the ground; marks the beginning of the stance phase.

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Foot Flat (Loading Response)

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The foot is in full contact with the ground, and body weight is being transferred onto the forward limb.

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Propulsive Gait

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Characterized by a stooped, rigid posture, with the head and neck bent forward; commonly associated with Parkinson's disease.

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Toe-Off (Pre-Swing)

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The toes leave the ground, marking the end of the stance phase and the beginning of the swing phase for that leg.

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Initial Swing

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The thigh begins to advance as the foot comes off the ground and the limb is no longer bearing weight.

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Antalgic Gait

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A limping gait pattern adopted to avoid pain on weight-bearing structures; often results in shortened step length on the affected side.

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Vaulting Gait

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Compensation for an inability to adequately clear the foot in swing phase by elevating the contralateral pelvis and rising onto the toes of the stance foot.

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Gluteus Maximus Gait

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Occurs when there is weakness of the gluteus maximus muscle, leading to backward lurch of the torso to compensate for weakened hip extension.

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Drop Foot Gait (Steppage Gait)

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Characterized by an exaggerated lifting of the knee to allow the foot to clear the ground, due to weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscles.

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Midstance

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Occurs when the body weight is directly over the stance limb, and the limb is supporting the full weight in single leg stance.

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