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Bones of the Foot and Ankle
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Talus
Located at the top of the foot, it forms a hinge joint with the tibia and fibula, allowing for up-and-down movement of the foot.
Tibia
The larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones, forming the inner part of the ankle joint.
Interphalangeal Joints
Hinge joints located between the phalanges of the toes that allow for bending and straightening of the toes.
Tibia Plafond
The distal end of the tibia that forms the roof of the ankle joint, articulating with the talus bone.
Medial Cuneiform
The largest cuneiform bone, located on the inner side of the foot; important for the medial arch structure and foot stability.
Peroneal Tubercle
A bony prominence on the lateral side of the calcaneus that separates the peroneal tendons.
Spring Ligament
Also known as plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, it supports the head of the talus and maintains the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.
Sesamoids
Two small bones embedded in the tendons under the big toe that enhance leverage and reduce friction.
Calcaneus
The largest bone in the foot, forming the heel and acting as the main weight-bearing bone during standing and walking.
Cuboid
A cube-shaped lateral bone in the midfoot that provides stability and helps guide the lateral foot movement.
Lateral Cuneiform
One of the three cuneiform bones, located on the outer side of the midfoot; plays a role in foot stability and walking.
Middle Phalanges
The second set of bones in the toes that connect the proximal and distal phalanges, aiding in movement.
Plantar Plates
Strong ligamentous structures that provide stability to the metatarsophalangeal joints, supporting the ball of the foot.
Sustentaculum Tali
A horizontal shelf on the medial side of the calcaneus that supports the talus bone.
Phalanges
The 14 toe bones that provide structure and joint articulation for movement of the toes.
Proximal Phalanges
The first set of bones in the toes directly connected to the metatarsals, playing a key role in toe movement.
Tarsals
A collection of seven irregularly shaped bones in the foot that make up the ankle and the proximal aspect of the foot.
Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Joints at the base of the toes that allow for movement such as flexion and extension, important for walking and running.
Intermediate Cuneiform
Located between the other two cuneiform bones, aiding in foot stability and weight transfer during motion.
Metatarsals
Five long bones of the foot that connect the ankle bones to the toes, important for weight-bearing and walking.
Navicular
A boat-shaped bone located in the middle of the foot that helps maintain the arch and supports the talus.
Fibula
The thinner and smaller bone of the lower leg, providing lateral stability to the ankle.
Distal Phalanges
The last set of toe bones at the tip of the toes; they allow for fine motor control of the toes.
Chopart's Joint
The joint complex at the midtarsal region, separating the hindfoot and midfoot, consisting of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints.
Subtalar Joint
A joint below the true ankle joint, formed between the talus and calcaneus, allowing for foot inversion and eversion.
Lisfranc Joint
A complex joint located at the point where the metatarsal bones and the tarsal bones connect, key for midfoot stability.
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