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The bony callus is remodeled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts over several months, as compact bone replaces spongy bone and the bone is reshaped to resemble its original structure.

After a fracture, blood vessels are damaged leading to a hematoma, which is a clot of blood that forms around the fracture site. This serves as a temporary framework for cells necessary for bone healing.

Capillaries grow into the hematoma, and fibroblasts and chondroblasts from nearby periosteum and endosteum begin to reconstruct a fibrocartilaginous matrix known as the soft callus.

Osteoblasts proceed to form a bony callus composed of spongy bone. This replaces the fibrocartilaginous callus in a process called endochondral ossification, which starts around 2 weeks post-injury and continues until a firm union is formed.