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Osteoporosis: Risks and Prevention
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M. Caffeine Consumption
Excessive caffeine intake can be a risk factor as it may interfere with calcium absorption and increase the rate of bone loss.
D. Smoking
Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis as it can interfere with calcium absorption and harm bone health.
K. Protein Intake
Adequate intake of protein is a preventive measure as it supports bone health, but excessively high intake can be detrimental.
L. Hormone Levels
Abnormal hormone levels, particularly reduced estrogen in women and testosterone in men, can be a risk factor for osteoporosis.
I. Genetic Factors
Family history of osteoporosis can be a risk factor, indicating a genetic predisposition to lower bone density.
Q. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Having RA is a risk factor since chronic inflammation associated with it can lead to increased bone turnover and loss.
T. Carbonated Beverages
Consumption of carbonated beverages, especially those containing phosphoric acid, can be a risk factor due to potential bone mineral density loss.
F. Alcohol Consumption
Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor due to its negative impact on bone formation and calcium balance.
H. Body Weight
Having a low body weight or being underweight is a risk factor since there is less mechanical stress on the skeleton to stimulate bone growth.
N. Sunlight Exposure
Regular and safe exposure to sunlight is a preventive measure as it helps the body produce vitamin D, which aids in calcium absorption.
P. Thyroid Function
Overactive thyroid gland or excessive thyroid hormone medication can be a risk factor as it can lead to increased bone loss.
A. Age
Advanced age increases the risk of developing osteoporosis due to bone density loss over time.
E. Vitamin D Levels
Sufficient vitamin D levels are a preventive measure since it helps the body absorb calcium, which is crucial for bone health.
G. Gender
Being female is a risk factor because women have a lower peak bone mass and experience menopause, which accelerates bone loss.
S. Fall Prevention
Implementing fall prevention strategies is a preventive measure since falls can lead to fractures, especially in those with osteoporosis.
R. Sodium Intake
High sodium intake can be a risk factor since excessive salt can cause the body to lose calcium, thereby affecting bone density.
C. Physical Activity
Regular weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises are preventive measures that can help build and maintain bone density.
O. Eating Disorders
Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa can be a risk factor since they lead to malnutrition and can significantly decrease bone density.
J. Medication Use
Long-term use of certain medications like glucocorticoids is a risk factor because they can inhibit bone formation and increase bone resorption.
B. Calcium Intake
Adequate calcium intake is a preventive measure since calcium is essential for bone health and strength.
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