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Muscles Attaching to the Hip Bone
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Adductor Longus
Attachments: Pubis near the pubic symphysis to the linea aspera on the femur. Function: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh.
Sartorius
Attachments: Anterior superior iliac spine to the medial surface of the tibia at the pes anserinus. Function: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes the leg.
Gluteus Minimus
Attachments: External surface of the ilium to the anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: Abducts and medially rotates the thigh.
Piriformis
Attachments: Anterior surface of the sacrum to the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: Externally rotates the hip and abducts the thigh when the hip is flexed.
Quadratus Femoris
Attachments: Ischial tuberosity to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur. Function: Externally rotates the thigh.
Gemelli Inferior
Attachments: Ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: Works with the obturator internus to laterally rotate the thigh.
Semimembranosus
Attachments: Ischial tuberosity to the posterior part of the medial tibial condyle. Function: Flexes the knee, extends the hip, and medially rotates the leg when the knee is flexed.
Gluteus Maximus
Attachments: Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx to gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract. Function: Extends and laterally rotates the hip.
Biceps Femoris
Attachments: (Long head) ischial tuberosity; (Short head) linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur to the head of the fibula. Function: Flexes the knee, extends the hip, and laterally rotates the leg when the knee is flexed.
Iliopsoas
Attachments: Iliac fossa and lumbar spine to lesser trochanter of the femur. Function: Primary hip flexor.
Gracilis
Attachments: Pubic symphysis to the medial surface of the tibia at the pes anserinus. Function: Adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg.
Obturator Internus
Attachments: Inner surface of the obturator membrane to the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: Externally rotates the thigh and stabilizes the hip.
Iliacus
Attachments: Iliac fossa, sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments to the lesser trochanter of the femur. Function: Flexes and externally rotates the hip.
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Attachments: Anterior aspect of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine to iliotibial tract. Function: Abducts and medially rotates the thigh; helps to stabilize the knee.
Obturator Externus
Attachments: Outer surface of the obturator membrane to the trochanteric fossa of the femur. Function: Externally rotates the thigh.
Adductor Magnus
Attachments: Ischial and pubic rami to the linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur. Function: Adducts, flexes, extends, and medially rotates the thigh.
Rectus Femoris
Attachments: Anterior inferior iliac spine (and edge of acetabulum) to the patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity via patella. Function: Extends the knee and flexes the hip.
Vastus Lateralis
Attachments: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera to the patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity via patella. Function: Extends the knee.
Vastus Intermedius
Attachments: Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft to the patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity via patella. Function: Extends the knee.
Pectineus
Attachments: Pectineal line of the pubis to the pectineal line of the femur. Function: Adducts and flexes the thigh.
Semitendinosus
Attachments: Ischial tuberosity to the medial surface of the tibia at the pes anserinus. Function: Flexes the knee, extends the hip, and medially rotates the leg when the knee is flexed.
Vastus Medialis
Attachments: Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line to the patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity via patella. Function: Extends the knee.
Gluteus Medius
Attachments: External surface of the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: Abducts and medially rotates the thigh.
Adductor Brevis
Attachments: Pubis to the pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of the femur. Function: Adducts and medially rotates the thigh.
Gemelli Superior
Attachments: Ischial spine to the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: Works with the obturator internus to laterally rotate the thigh.
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