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Hand Anatomy and Function

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Flexor Tendons

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Facilitate bending of the fingers, assist in hand grip. Conditions: Tendonitis, Tendinosis, Trigger finger.

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Ulnar Nerve

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Facilitates wrist and finger movement, provides sensation to the ring and pinky fingers. Conditions: Cubital tunnel syndrome, Ulnar nerve entrapment, Claw hand.

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A1 Pulley

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Holds the flexor tendons close to the fingers during motion, allows bending. Conditions: Trigger finger, Pulley rupture, Tendinopathy.

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Thumb CMC (Carpometacarpal) Joint

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Provides thumb mobility, crucial for pinching and grasping. Conditions: CMC arthritis, Thumb ligament injuries, CMC joint dislocation.

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Lunate Bone

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One of the carpal bones, involved in wrist articulation. Conditions: Lunate dislocation, Kienbock's disease, Arthritis.

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Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)

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Stabilizes the wrist, cushions forces, allows for smooth movements. Conditions: TFCC tear, Ulnar impaction syndrome, Wrist pain.

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Metacarpophalangeal Joints (MCP)

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Allow the fingers to bend and spread apart. Conditions: MCP joint arthritis, Skier's thumb (gamekeeper's thumb), Synovitis.

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Hypothenar Eminence

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Facilitates movement of the little finger, aiding in grip and hand manipulation. Conditions: Ulnar nerve injury, Hypothenar hammer syndrome, Claw hand.

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Scaphoid Bone

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A carpal bone that supports hand extension and radial deviation. Conditions: Scaphoid fracture, Avascular necrosis, Scapholunate advanced collapse.

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Triquetrum Bone

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Involved in the complex movements of the wrist. Conditions: Triquetral fractures, Perilunate dislocation, Ligament injuries.

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Phalanges

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Provide structure for finger movement, grip strength and fine motor skills. Conditions: Phalangeal fractures, Osteoarthritis, Trigger finger.

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Palmar Fascia

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Provides stability to the skin on the palm of the hand, protects underlying structures. Conditions: Dupuytren's contracture, Fasciitis, Palmar fibromatosis.

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Distal Interphalangeal Joints (DIP)

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Allows extension and bending of the fingertips. Conditions: DIP arthritis, Mallet finger, Heberden's nodes.

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Metacarpals

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Support the palm, facilitate hand movement and wrist articulation. Conditions: Metacarpal fractures, Metacarpophalangeal joint arthritis, Boxer's fracture.

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Extensor Tendons

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Allow for finger extension, aid in hand opening. Conditions: Extensor tendonitis, Mallet finger, Boutonniere deformity.

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Radial Nerve

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Controls wrist extension, triceps muscle and provides sensation to the back of the hand. Conditions: Radial nerve palsy, Saturday night palsy, Wrist drop.

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Ligaments of the Hand

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Provide stability to joints of the hand, maintain the alignment of bones. Conditions: Sprains, Gamekeeper's thumb, Ligament tears.

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Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP)

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Enable finger bending and flexibility in the central finger segments. Conditions: PIP arthritis, Boutonniere deformity, Swan-neck deformity.

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Carpal Bones

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Constitute wrist joint, enable wrist movement. Conditions: Scaphoid fracture, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Kienbock's disease.

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Hamate Bone

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Supports the little finger side of the wrist, involved in ulnar deviation. Conditions: Hamate fractures, Guyon's canal syndrome, Ulnar nerve entrapment.

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Median Nerve

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Controls thumb muscles, provides sensation to the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Conditions: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Pronator Syndrome, Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.

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Lumbrical Muscles

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Facilitate finger flexion at the MCP joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints. Conditions: Lumbrical muscle strain, Claw hand, Hand cramps.

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Thenar Eminence

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Contributes to the thumb's gripping power and precision movements. Conditions: Thenar atrophy, Carpal tunnel syndrome, De Quervain's tenosynovitis.

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Interosseous Muscles

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Control finger movements, assist with grasping and manipulating objects. Conditions: Interosseous muscle atrophy, Dorsal interossei muscles' paralysis, Claw hand.

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Carpal Tunnel

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Alleviates pressure on the median nerve, allows hand function. Conditions: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Median nerve entrapment, Repetitive strain injury.

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