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Shoulder Anatomy
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Glenoid Labrum
Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity, helps to deepen the cavity and stabilize the shoulder joint.
Clavicle
Long, slender bone that connects the arm to the torso, provides support for shoulder positioning.
Rotator Cuff
A group of muscles and tendons that surround the glenohumeral joint and stabilize the shoulder.
Supraspinatus Muscle
Muscle of the rotator cuff, acts to abduct the arm and stabilize the shoulder joint.
Subscapularis Muscle
Muscle of the rotator cuff, responsible for medial rotation of the arm and stabilization of the shoulder joint.
Thoracoacromial Artery
Branch of the axillary artery that supplies blood to the shoulder area, including the deltoid, pectoral muscles, and subscapular region.
Humerus
Long bone in the upper arm, articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow.
Biceps Brachii
Muscle of the upper arm, involved in the flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm as well as shoulder stabilization.
Glenoid Cavity
Shallow depression on the lateral edge of the scapula, forms part of the glenohumeral joint by accommodating the head of the humerus.
Coracohumeral Ligament
Strong band of connective tissue that connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerus, supports the superior part of the joint capsule.
Axillary Nerve
Nerve that innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, provides sensory input for the shoulder region.
Scapula
Large triangular bone forming the back of the shoulder, provides attachment for several muscles.
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
Joint at the top of the shoulder, connects the acromion of the scapula with the clavicle.
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint
Joint that connects the clavicle to the sternum, it's a saddle-type joint that allows movement of the clavicle in three planes.
Acromion
Bony projection on the scapula, provides attachment for the deltoid and trapezius muscles.
Infraspinatus Muscle
Muscle of the rotator cuff, performs external rotation of the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Coracoid Process
Small hook-like structure on the scapula, provides attachment for tendons of the biceps and other arm muscles.
Long Head of the Biceps Tendon
Tendon that runs from the muscle belly of the biceps up through the shoulder joint to the glenoid cavity, helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
Suprascapular Nerve
Nerve that innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, crucial for rotator cuff function.
Glenohumeral Joint
Ball-and-socket joint where the humerus meets the scapula, allows for a wide range of shoulder movement.
Teres Minor Muscle
Muscle of the rotator cuff, plays a role in rotating the arm laterally and stabilizing the glenohumeral joint.
Deltoid Muscle
Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint, responsible for lifting the arm and giving the shoulder its rounded contour.
Trapezius Muscle
Large muscle extending from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and to the scapula, moves, rotates, and stabilizes the scapula.
Coracoacromial Ligament
Ligament connecting the coracoid process to the acromion, forms a protective arch over the head of the humerus.
Subacromial Bursa
Fluid-filled sac located under the acromion, helps reduce friction between the acromion and the supraspinatus tendon.
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