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Shoulder Anatomy

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Glenoid Labrum

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Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity, helps to deepen the cavity and stabilize the shoulder joint.

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Clavicle

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Long, slender bone that connects the arm to the torso, provides support for shoulder positioning.

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Rotator Cuff

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A group of muscles and tendons that surround the glenohumeral joint and stabilize the shoulder.

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Supraspinatus Muscle

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Muscle of the rotator cuff, acts to abduct the arm and stabilize the shoulder joint.

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Subscapularis Muscle

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Muscle of the rotator cuff, responsible for medial rotation of the arm and stabilization of the shoulder joint.

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Thoracoacromial Artery

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Branch of the axillary artery that supplies blood to the shoulder area, including the deltoid, pectoral muscles, and subscapular region.

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Humerus

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Long bone in the upper arm, articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow.

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Biceps Brachii

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Muscle of the upper arm, involved in the flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm as well as shoulder stabilization.

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Glenoid Cavity

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Shallow depression on the lateral edge of the scapula, forms part of the glenohumeral joint by accommodating the head of the humerus.

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Coracohumeral Ligament

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Strong band of connective tissue that connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerus, supports the superior part of the joint capsule.

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Axillary Nerve

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Nerve that innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, provides sensory input for the shoulder region.

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Scapula

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Large triangular bone forming the back of the shoulder, provides attachment for several muscles.

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Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

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Joint at the top of the shoulder, connects the acromion of the scapula with the clavicle.

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Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

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Joint that connects the clavicle to the sternum, it's a saddle-type joint that allows movement of the clavicle in three planes.

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Acromion

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Bony projection on the scapula, provides attachment for the deltoid and trapezius muscles.

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Infraspinatus Muscle

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Muscle of the rotator cuff, performs external rotation of the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

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Coracoid Process

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Small hook-like structure on the scapula, provides attachment for tendons of the biceps and other arm muscles.

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Long Head of the Biceps Tendon

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Tendon that runs from the muscle belly of the biceps up through the shoulder joint to the glenoid cavity, helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

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Suprascapular Nerve

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Nerve that innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, crucial for rotator cuff function.

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Glenohumeral Joint

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Ball-and-socket joint where the humerus meets the scapula, allows for a wide range of shoulder movement.

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Teres Minor Muscle

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Muscle of the rotator cuff, plays a role in rotating the arm laterally and stabilizing the glenohumeral joint.

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Deltoid Muscle

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Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint, responsible for lifting the arm and giving the shoulder its rounded contour.

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Trapezius Muscle

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Large muscle extending from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and to the scapula, moves, rotates, and stabilizes the scapula.

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Coracoacromial Ligament

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Ligament connecting the coracoid process to the acromion, forms a protective arch over the head of the humerus.

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Subacromial Bursa

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Fluid-filled sac located under the acromion, helps reduce friction between the acromion and the supraspinatus tendon.

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