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The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience, emphasizing the role and importance of observational evidence from sensory experiences.

The view that physical objects, properties, events (anything that is external to the mind) are reducible to mental perceptions. Thus, our knowledge of the world is restricted to sensory phenomena.

The belief that our sensory experiences provide direct awareness of an external, mind-independent reality. This view holds that perception is the immediate or direct source of knowledge.

The doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience. Sensory experiences are considered fallible and not the primary source of knowledge.

A theory that sensory experiences involve sense data, which are mind-dependent objects that we are directly aware of in perception. The sense data are supposed to represent the real objects in the external world.

The philosophical position that perceptions or sense data are mental representations of the external world, and knowledge is derived from these representations.

The belief that knowledge is constructed by the learner through cognitive processes, interpreting and reinterpreting sensory information within the context of their past experiences and ideas.

The common sense theory that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are. It suggests that the world is more or less as we perceive it to be.

The philosophy that certain truths or ethical principles are known by intuition rather than sensory experience. Intuition in this context is understood as a form of 'direct access' to knowledge.