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Introduction to Epistemology

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Pragmatism

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The philosophical concept that proposes that a practical approach to problems and affairs should be used to judge the truth of meaning or worth of something.

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Gettier Problem

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A philosophical problem that challenges the justified true belief model of knowledge by presenting situations in which a belief can be justified and true yet still fail to count as knowledge.

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Coherentism

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The belief that new knowledge must be integrated into a web of existing beliefs that logically cohere with one another.

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Constructivism

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An epistemological perspective that knowledge is constructed by learners as they attempt to make sense of their experiences.

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Correspondence Theory of Truth

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A position claiming that the truth of a statement is determined by how accurately it reflects and corresponds to the real world.

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Empiricism

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A theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.

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Skepticism

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An approach in epistemology that questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge and often advocates for a position of doubt.

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A Posteriori

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Knowledge that depends on empirical evidence or experience, such as scientific observations or historical facts.

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Rationalism

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The doctrine that reason alone is a source of knowledge and is independent of experience.

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Internalism vs. Externalism

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Debate concerning whether the justification for one's belief must be internally accessible to the believer (internalism) or whether it can exist outside the cognitive access of the believer (externalism).

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Fallibilism

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The philosophical principle that human beings could be wrong about their beliefs, expectations, or their understanding of the world.

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Justified True Belief

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A traditional model of knowledge suggesting that to know something means to have a belief that is both true and justified.

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A Priori

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Knowledge that is independent of experience, such as mathematical truths or logical inferences.

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Epistemology

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The branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge, its nature, sources, limitations, and validity.

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Foundationalism

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An epistemological view where all knowledge is built upon basic, self-evident truths or axioms, called 'foundations'.

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