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Reliabilism in Epistemology

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Clairvoyance Objection

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This critique argues that reliabilism can lead to counterintuitive outcomes, such as attributing justification to beliefs formed by processes like clairvoyance, which we wouldn't normally consider reliable or justifiable.

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Agent Reliabilism

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This viewpoint emphasizes the trustworthiness of the agent’s intellectual faculties or character in the justification of beliefs.

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The New Evil Demon Problem

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A thought experiment that raises the issue that if a subject’s beliefs are formed under an evil demon’s deception, reliabilism implies these beliefs are unjustified though they're intuitively justified.

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Reliabilism and Justified True Belief

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Reliabilism proposes a justification for true belief that doesn’t solely rely on evidence known by the subject, challenging traditional evidentialist accounts of knowledge.

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Multiple Realizability of Reliability

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A principle that acknowledges different cognitive processes can reliably lead to the same true belief, suggesting flexibility and adaptability in the mechanisms justifying belief.

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Overgeneralization

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A critique that reliabilism may lead to overgeneralizing processes that occasionally yield true beliefs, subsequently classifying them as reliable.

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Reliabilism and Externalism

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Highlights that reliabilism is a form of externalism since it posits that factors outside the believer’s subjective perspective contribute to the epistemic justification of beliefs.

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Simple Reliabilism vs. Proper Function Reliabilism

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Simple reliabilism focuses only on the reliability of the process, while proper function reliabilism adds that the cognitive faculties must be functioning properly and be aimed at truth.

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The Generality Problem

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A major critique pointing out that the reliability of a belief-forming process depends on how broadly or narrowly the process is characterized, which can lead to ambiguity.

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The Swampman Objection

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An objection to reliabilism based on the thought experiment where a Swampman is randomly formed with identical mental states to a person, questioning if its beliefs can be considered justified.

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Reliabilism and Inferential Beliefs

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Suggests that reliabilism must account for inferential beliefs, which are justified through a chain of reasoning from other beliefs, and the individual reliability of each step is crucial.

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Process Reliabilism

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This principle asserts that a belief is justified if it’s produced by a cognitive process that reliably generates true beliefs.

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