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Types of Knowledge

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Propositional Knowledge

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Knowledge of facts that can be expressed in declarative sentences or propositions, such as knowing that 'Socrates is a philosopher'.

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A Posteriori Knowledge

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Knowledge that is dependent on empirical evidence or experience. For example, knowing that 'water freezes at 0°C' is a posteriori.

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Self-Knowledge

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Knowledge of one's own subjective experiences, thoughts, and feelings. An example is being aware of one's own fear or desire.

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A Priori Knowledge

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Knowledge that is independent of experience, usually involving logical or mathematical reasoning. For example, understanding that 'all bachelors are unmarried' is a priori.

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Empirical Knowledge

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A type of a posteriori knowledge based on observation and experiment. Scientific knowledge about the world, like 'the Earth revolves around the Sun', is empirical.

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Tacit Knowledge

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Knowledge that is difficult to transfer through writing or verbalization. For example, knowing how to ride a bike is considered tacit.

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Contingent Knowledge

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Knowledge that could be different and is not necessarily true under all circumstances. For instance, knowing that 'it is raining in Paris today' is contingent.

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Explicit Knowledge

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Knowledge that is easily articulated, written, or communicated. An example would be knowing the formula for the area of a triangle, A=12bhA = \frac{1}{2}bh.

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Procedural Knowledge

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Knowledge of how to perform certain tasks and activities, which may be difficult to explain. Knowing how to drive a car is an instance of procedural knowledge.

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Necessary Knowledge

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Knowledge that must be true and cannot be otherwise, such as 'all triangles have three sides'. This kind of knowledge is often considered a priori.

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