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He is recognized for his work on bounded rationality and problem solving. Simon proposed that humans use heuristics to solve problems and make decisions due to cognitive limitations.

A pioneer in artificial intelligence, his contributions include the proposal of the Society of Mind theory, which suggests that intelligence is the result of the interactions of non-intelligent agents in the brain.

He is known for pioneering work in the development of neural network models and the formulation of the parallel distributed processing (PDP) framework in cognitive science.

Developed the Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT) theory, which models how humans learn and process information, bridging the gap between cognitive science and education.

He is considered the father of cognitive psychology and proposed the concept of ecological validity in cognition, emphasizing the importance of studying the mind in realistic settings.

Famous for his paper 'The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two', which suggests that the number of objects an average human can hold in working memory is 7 ± 2. He also contributed to the establishment of cognitive psychology as a field.

Best known for the Feature Integration Theory of attention, which explains how we perceive objects by uniting features such as color, shape, size, and location into a whole.

Contributed to artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology with the development of the Physical Symbol System Hypothesis, which posits that all intelligent behavior can be explained by symbol manipulation.

Known for the theory of generative grammar, which is a significant contribution to the field of linguistics. Chomsky challenged the behaviorist theories of language acquisition by proposing an innate language faculty in humans.

His main contributions include the theory of conceptual revolutions in science, and the development of computational models of scientific reasoning and emotional coherence in cognitive science.

Awarded the Nobel Prize for his split-brain research which revealed lateral specialization within the brain's hemispheres.

A key figure in neurophenomenology, Varela, along with his colleagues, introduced the enactive approach to cognitive science, focusing on how organisms create meaning through interaction with their environment.

Developed the Filter Model of attention, which was one of the first theories to explain how the brain selectively processes information amidst numerous stimuli.

Known for his theory of cognitive development, Piaget proposed that children progress through a series of four critical stages leading to mental maturity.