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The Problem of Other Minds

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Definition of the 'Other Minds' problem

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The challenge of explaining how we can know or infer the existence of minds other than our own, based on the subjective nature of consciousness.

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Theory of Mind

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A cognitive skill that allows us to attribute mental states to ourselves and others, explaining our understanding of other minds as a natural psychological capacity.

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Problem of Induction

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Highlights the difficulty in justifying our inferences about other minds, as such inferences are based on our own experiences and may not necessarily apply to others.

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Phenomenological Approaches

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Emphasize the direct perception of others' experiences through empathetic engagement, suggesting we have an immediate, non-inferential access to others' emotions and intentions.

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Behaviorism's perspective

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Behaviorism circumvents the problem by equating mental states with behavioral dispositions, suggesting that mental states are nothing over and above behavior patterns.

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Direct Realism

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A philosophical view positing that we directly perceive mental states in others' behavior, without needing inferential steps, thus sidestepping the Other Minds problem.

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Analogical Reasoning

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A proposed solution suggesting that we infer other minds by analogy to our own experiences. We conclude that others have minds because they exhibit similar behavior to us.

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Solipsism

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A skeptical position that only one's own mind is sure to exist, which, if true, means the Other Minds problem cannot be solved as no other minds exist to be known.

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