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The Problem of Other Minds
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Definition of the 'Other Minds' problem
The challenge of explaining how we can know or infer the existence of minds other than our own, based on the subjective nature of consciousness.
Theory of Mind
A cognitive skill that allows us to attribute mental states to ourselves and others, explaining our understanding of other minds as a natural psychological capacity.
Problem of Induction
Highlights the difficulty in justifying our inferences about other minds, as such inferences are based on our own experiences and may not necessarily apply to others.
Phenomenological Approaches
Emphasize the direct perception of others' experiences through empathetic engagement, suggesting we have an immediate, non-inferential access to others' emotions and intentions.
Behaviorism's perspective
Behaviorism circumvents the problem by equating mental states with behavioral dispositions, suggesting that mental states are nothing over and above behavior patterns.
Direct Realism
A philosophical view positing that we directly perceive mental states in others' behavior, without needing inferential steps, thus sidestepping the Other Minds problem.
Analogical Reasoning
A proposed solution suggesting that we infer other minds by analogy to our own experiences. We conclude that others have minds because they exhibit similar behavior to us.
Solipsism
A skeptical position that only one's own mind is sure to exist, which, if true, means the Other Minds problem cannot be solved as no other minds exist to be known.
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