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Debates revolve around whether intelligence is merely the processing of information, as in the computational theory of mind, or something broader involving emotional and ethical understanding.

Arguments range from the belief that AI can only remix existing knowledge to opinions that with sufficient complexity, AI might create truly novel and valuable art.

Potential issues include algorithmic bias, job displacement, surveillance, autonomy, and the ethical treatment of potentially sentient AIs.

The Turing Test assesses a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human, but critics say it focuses too much on deception and language comprehension.

Views vary from John Searle's Chinese Room Argument suggesting machines can't really understand, to proponents of Strong AI who believe machines could one day exhibit consciousness akin to humans.

Some, like Nick Bostrom, warn of existential risks if control over superintelligent AI is lost, while others argue that aligning AI values with humans could mitigate these risks.

Discussions oscillate between perspectives that no AI can warrant moral consideration, to future outlooks where advanced sentient AIs may have moral rights similar to living beings.

Themes consider if the abilities of AI challenge the notion of what is unique to human intelligence, including creativity, emotional experience, and moral judgement.

The control problem addresses how to design AI systems that humans can control despite potential increases in the AI's intelligence, encompassing safety, value alignment, and long-term impact.

Philosophers like Daniel Dennett argue for functionalism, where mental states are functional states, while others object based on concepts like qualia, which suggest subjective experience may not be replicable in AI.

AI development offers insights into the structural and functional complexities of human cognition, the brain's neural architecture, and the capacity for information processing and learning.