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American Football Penalties

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Encroachment

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: A defensive player crosses the line of scrimmage and contacts an opponent before the ball is snapped.

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Roughing the Passer

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty and automatic first down. Description: A defensive player makes illegal contact with the quarterback after the ball is thrown.

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Holding

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Consequence: 10-yard penalty. Description: An offensive player uses hands or arms to hinder a defender's movement.

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Illegal Formation

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: The offensive team does not line up in a legal formation before the snap.

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Pass Interference

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Consequence: Spot foul or 15-yard penalty. Description: A player interferes with an eligible receiver's ability to make a fair catch.

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Delay of Game

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: The offensive team takes too long to snap the ball, exceeding the play clock.

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Intentional Grounding

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Consequence: Loss of down and spot foul or 10-yard penalty from the original line of scrimmage. Description: The quarterback throws the ball away to avoid a sack with no receiver nearby.

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Face Mask

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty. Description: A player grabs an opponent's face mask during play.

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False Start

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: An offensive player moves after getting set before the snap.

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Offside

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: A player is on the wrong side of the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped.

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Unsportsmanlike Conduct

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty. Description: A player commits any act that is contrary to the spirit of fair play.

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Roughing the Kicker

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty and an automatic first down. Description: A defensive player makes contact with the kicker's leg during or after a kick attempt.

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Illegal Motion

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: An offensive player moves illegally before the snap.

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Illegal Contact

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty and an automatic first down. Description: A defensive player initiates contact with a receiver after the first five yards from the line of scrimmage.

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Personal Foul

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty. Description: A player commits a non-football act such as hitting or kicking an opponent.

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Illegal Use of Hands

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Consequence: 10-yard penalty. Description: A player uses their hands to push or hit an opponent's face or helmet.

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Illegal Shift

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: Two or more offensive players are moving after the formation is set and don't reset before the snap.

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Horse-Collar Tackle

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty. Description: A defender grabs the inside collar of the back or side of a player's shoulder pads and yanks the player down.

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Neutral Zone Infraction

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: A defensive player crosses the neutral zone causing an offensive player to false start.

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Running into the Kicker

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Consequence: 5-yard penalty. Description: A defensive player makes contact with the kicker but does not impede the kicking motion.

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Illegal Touching

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Consequence: Loss of down and a 5-yard penalty. Description: An ineligible receiver is the first to touch a forward pass.

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Clipping

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty. Description: An offensive player blocks a defender from the back below the waist.

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Tripping

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Consequence: 10-yard penalty. Description: A player uses their leg or foot to cause an opponent to trip or fall.

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Illegal Forward Pass

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Consequence: Loss of down and a 5-yard penalty from the spot of the foul. Description: The quarterback throws a pass after crossing the line of scrimmage or a second pass in the same play.

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Chop Block

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Consequence: 15-yard penalty. Description: Two offensive players engage with a single defender, one high and one low.

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