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Anti-Anxiety Drugs
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Alprazolam
Primary use: Treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. Contraindications: Severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea, liver impairment.
Diazepam
Primary use: Management of anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, muscle spasms. Contraindications: Myasthenia gravis, severe respiratory insufficiency, pediatric patients under 6 months.
Lorazepam
Primary use: Anxiety relief, preanesthetic medication, status epilepticus. Contraindications: Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, sleep apnea, severe respiratory insufficiency.
Clonazepam
Primary use: Prevention and treatment of seizures, panic disorder management. Contraindications: Severe liver disease, acute angle closure glaucoma, history of sensitivity to benzodiazepines.
Buspirone
Primary use: Management of chronic anxiety. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to buspirone, concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Propranolol
Primary use: Management of situational anxiety and performance anxiety. Contraindications: Asthma, bradycardia, certain heart block conditions.
Escitalopram
Primary use: Generalized anxiety disorder and depression treatment. Contraindications: Concurrent use with MAO inhibitors, pregnancy, children under 12 years of age.
Sertraline
Primary use: Treats panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, PTSD, and social anxiety disorder. Contraindications: Use of MAO inhibitors or pimozide, disulfiram can cause reaction due to alcohol content of the concentrate form.
Paroxetine
Primary use: Treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, PTSD, panic disorder. Contraindications: Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors or thioridazine, pregnancy, especially in the first trimester.
Venlafaxine
Primary use: Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder management. Contraindications: Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma.
Fluoxetine
Primary use: Treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, OCD, and certain eating disorders. Contraindications: Concurrent use with MAO inhibitors, thioridazine or pimozide, known hypersensitivity to fluoxetine.
Hydroxyzine
Primary use: Symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension. Contraindications: Prolonged QT interval, previous hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, pregnancy (especially first trimester).
Gabapentin
Primary use: Off-label for social anxiety disorder, prescribed primarily for neuropathic pain. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to gabapentin, caution required with renal impairment.
Mirtazapine
Primary use: Off-label for generalized anxiety disorder, primarily prescribed for depression Contraindications: Concurrent use with MAO inhibitors, caution with severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Clomipramine
Primary use: Treatment of OCD, may help with panic disorder. Contraindications: Concurrent use with MAOI drugs or recent myocardial infarction patients.
Citalopram
Primary use: Treatment of depression and sometimes prescribed for various anxiety disorders. Contraindications: Use with MAO inhibitors or pimozide, QT interval prolongation.
Quetiapine
Primary use: Off-label for generalized anxiety disorder, primarily indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to quetiapine, history of myocardial infarction or untreated heart failure.
Pregabalin
Primary use: Generalized anxiety disorder among its various approved uses, including nerve pain. Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to pregabalin, caution in patients with a history of drug abuse.
Amitriptyline
Primary use: Off-label for panic disorder, prescribed primarily for major depressive disorder. Contraindications: Recently had a heart attack, use of MAO inhibitors, severe liver disease.
Bupropion
Primary use: Off-label for anxiety, mainly used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. Contraindications: Seizure disorders, bulimia, anorexia nervosa.
Duloxetine
Primary use: General anxiety disorder, also used for major depressive disorder and fibromyalgia. Contraindications: MAOI use in the past 14 days, uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, severe renal impairment.
Trazodone
Primary use: Off-label for anxiety, primarily used for major depressive disorder. Contraindications: Use with MAO inhibitors, caution in patients with cardiac disease or priapism history.
Oxazepam
Primary use: Management of anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Contraindications: Myasthenia gravis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep apnea.
Zolpidem
Primary use: Off-label for anxiety, primarily prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia. Contraindications: Severe respiratory insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, history of complex sleep behaviors like sleep-driving.
Chlordiazepoxide
Primary use: Management of anxiety disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Contraindications: Severe liver disease, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, first-trimester pregnancy.
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