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Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

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Chantix (Varenicline)

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Used to treat nicotine addiction. Method of action: Partial agonist at nicotinic receptors, reducing craving and withdrawal symptoms.

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Acamprosate

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Used to treat alcohol dependence. Method of action: Thought to restore the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.

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Topiramate

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Used to treat alcohol and sometimes other addictions. Method of action: Anticonvulsant that enhances GABA activity and suppresses glutamate neurotransmission.

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Antabuse (Disulfiram)

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Used to treat chronic alcoholism. Method of action: Causes unpleasant physical reactions when alcohol is ingested by interfering with alcohol metabolism.

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Naltrexone

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Used to treat alcohol and opioid dependency. Method of action: Opioid antagonist that blocks the euphoric effects of opioids and reduces the craving for alcohol.

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Gabapentin

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Used to treat alcohol dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Method of action: Modulates GABA neurotransmission, though its precise mechanism in alcohol dependence is not fully understood.

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Disulfiram

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Used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Method of action: Inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed.

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Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)

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Used for smoking cessation. Method of action: Provides controlled doses of nicotine to ease withdrawal while not containing other harmful chemicals found in tobacco.

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Suboxone (Buprenorphine/Naloxone)

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Used to treat opioid dependence. Method of action: Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist and naloxone is an opioid antagonist, combination reduces risk of misuse.

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Varenicline

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Used for smoking cessation. Method of action: Acts as a nicotinic receptor partial agonist, thus reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms of nicotine.

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Clonidine

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Used to treat opioid withdrawal. Method of action: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that can reduce sympathetic outflow, leading to reduced withdrawal symptoms.

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Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT)

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Used to treat chronic opioid addiction. Method of action: Full opioid agonist that reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms by activating opioid receptors without producing a high.

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Methadone

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Used to treat opioid dependency. Method of action: Full opioid agonist that activates opioid receptors in the brain, reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

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Baclofen

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Used to treat alcohol dependence. Method of action: GABA-B receptor agonist, which may reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

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Buprenorphine

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Used to treat opioid addiction. Method of action: Partial opioid agonist that activates opioid receptors but produces a lesser effect, reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

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Naltrexone Injection (Vivitrol)

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Used to treat alcohol and opioid dependence. Method of action: Injectable extended-release formulation of naltrexone blocks opioid receptors and reduces craving for alcohol.

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Modafinil

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Used to treat stimulant (cocaine, methamphetamine) dependency. Method of action: Increases dopamine in the brain by inhibiting dopamine reuptake.

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Naloxone

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Used to reverse opioid overdose. Method of action: Opioid antagonist that quickly displaces opioids from their receptors, reversing the effects of overdose.

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Prazosin

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Off-label use for treating alcohol dependence and PTSD-related symptoms. Method of action: Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist that may help reduce alcohol cravings and nightmares.

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Campral (Acamprosate)

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Used to treat alcohol dependence and maintain abstinence. Method of action: It stabilizes chemical signaling in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcohol withdrawal.

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