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Psychoactive Substance Classification

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Alcohol

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Depressant; decreases neural activity and slows body functions.

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Caffeine

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Stimulant; increases central nervous system activity, heightens alertness and energy.

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Nicotine

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Stimulant; increases heart rate, alertness and can lead to addiction.

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Cannabis

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Mixed; can act as a depressant, hallucinogen, and stimulant. Affects perception and mood.

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Cocaine

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Stimulant; increases levels of dopamine, causing euphoria, increased energy, and talkativeness.

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Opioids

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Depressant; reduces pain and can induce feelings of euphoria, but has a high potential for addiction.

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Amphetamine

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Stimulant; increases energy and concentration, commonly used to treat ADHD.

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Methamphetamine

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Stimulant; more potent than amphetamine, it increases alertness and physical activity, and decreases appetite.

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Benzodiazepines

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Depressant; used to treat anxiety and insomnia, it enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA.

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MDMA

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Stimulant and hallucinogen; induces feelings of increased energy, pleasure, emotional warmth, and distorted sensory and time perception.

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LSD

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Hallucinogen; causes altered thoughts, feelings, and awareness of one's surroundings.

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Psilocybin

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Hallucinogen; causes euphoria and altered thinking processes, with effects similar to LSD.

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Ketamine

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Dissociative; induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and memory loss.

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Peyote

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Hallucinogen; contains mescaline which leads to rich visual hallucinations.

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Inhalants

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Varied; can act as depressants, stimulants, or hallucinogens. Effects are caused by chemicals vaporizing at room temperature.

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Barbiturates

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Depressant; previously used as sedatives or sleep aids but now less common due to the risk of overdose.

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Methadone

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Opioid; used in drug addiction detoxification and maintenance programs.

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Buprenorphine

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Partial opioid agonist; used to treat opioid addiction and pain.

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Flunitrazepam

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Depressant; causes anterograde amnesia and is used in some countries to treat severe insomnia.

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Phencyclidine

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Dissociative; causes hallucinations, distorted perceptions of sounds, and violent behavior.

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GHB

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Depressant; naturally occurring neurotransmitter that produces euphoria and increases sociability.

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Salvia

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Hallucinogen; causes intense but short-lived effects including visual hallucinations, dizziness, and disorientation.

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DMT

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Hallucinogen; produces brief but intense visual and auditory hallucinations.

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Synthetic Cannabinoids

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Mixed; chemically similar to THC but can have a greater and more unpredictable effect on the brain.

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Synthetic Cathinones

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Stimulant; known as 'bath salts', they can cause increased sociability, sex drive, and hallucinations.

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Nitrous Oxide

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Dissociative; induces euphoria and analgesia, commonly used as a dental anesthetic.

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Tricyclic Antidepressants

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Antidepressant; inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, leading to mood elevation.

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

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Antidepressant; selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, improving mood and anxiety symptoms.

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Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

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Antidepressant; inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

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Antidepressant; increase the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain.

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Methylphenidate

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Stimulant; used to treat ADHD, it increases attention and controls hyperactive behaviors.

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Modafinil

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Stimulant; promotes wakefulness and is used to treat sleep disorders like narcolepsy.

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Aripiprazole

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Antipsychotic; used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it acts on dopamine and serotonin receptors.

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Chlorpromazine

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Antipsychotic; used to treat psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, it blocks multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain.

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Lithium

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Mood stabilizer; used to treat bipolar disorder, helps to prevent mood swings.

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Disulfiram

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Alcohol Dependency Treatment; causes unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed, deterring individuals from drinking.

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Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

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Analgesic and Antipyretic; relieves pain and fever but is not classified as an NSAID.

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Ibuprofen

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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID); reduces inflammation, pain, and fever.

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Aspirin

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NSAID and Antiplatelet; reduces pain, inflammation, fever, and prevents blood clots.

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Diazepam

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Benzodiazepine; used to treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and seizures, it acts on GABA receptors.

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Zolpidem

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Sedative; used to treat insomnia, it acts on GABA receptors but is structurally different from benzodiazepines.

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