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Psychoactive Substance Classification
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Alcohol
Depressant; decreases neural activity and slows body functions.
Caffeine
Stimulant; increases central nervous system activity, heightens alertness and energy.
Nicotine
Stimulant; increases heart rate, alertness and can lead to addiction.
Cannabis
Mixed; can act as a depressant, hallucinogen, and stimulant. Affects perception and mood.
Cocaine
Stimulant; increases levels of dopamine, causing euphoria, increased energy, and talkativeness.
Opioids
Depressant; reduces pain and can induce feelings of euphoria, but has a high potential for addiction.
Amphetamine
Stimulant; increases energy and concentration, commonly used to treat ADHD.
Methamphetamine
Stimulant; more potent than amphetamine, it increases alertness and physical activity, and decreases appetite.
Benzodiazepines
Depressant; used to treat anxiety and insomnia, it enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA.
MDMA
Stimulant and hallucinogen; induces feelings of increased energy, pleasure, emotional warmth, and distorted sensory and time perception.
LSD
Hallucinogen; causes altered thoughts, feelings, and awareness of one's surroundings.
Psilocybin
Hallucinogen; causes euphoria and altered thinking processes, with effects similar to LSD.
Ketamine
Dissociative; induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and memory loss.
Peyote
Hallucinogen; contains mescaline which leads to rich visual hallucinations.
Inhalants
Varied; can act as depressants, stimulants, or hallucinogens. Effects are caused by chemicals vaporizing at room temperature.
Barbiturates
Depressant; previously used as sedatives or sleep aids but now less common due to the risk of overdose.
Methadone
Opioid; used in drug addiction detoxification and maintenance programs.
Buprenorphine
Partial opioid agonist; used to treat opioid addiction and pain.
Flunitrazepam
Depressant; causes anterograde amnesia and is used in some countries to treat severe insomnia.
Phencyclidine
Dissociative; causes hallucinations, distorted perceptions of sounds, and violent behavior.
GHB
Depressant; naturally occurring neurotransmitter that produces euphoria and increases sociability.
Salvia
Hallucinogen; causes intense but short-lived effects including visual hallucinations, dizziness, and disorientation.
DMT
Hallucinogen; produces brief but intense visual and auditory hallucinations.
Synthetic Cannabinoids
Mixed; chemically similar to THC but can have a greater and more unpredictable effect on the brain.
Synthetic Cathinones
Stimulant; known as 'bath salts', they can cause increased sociability, sex drive, and hallucinations.
Nitrous Oxide
Dissociative; induces euphoria and analgesia, commonly used as a dental anesthetic.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Antidepressant; inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, leading to mood elevation.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Antidepressant; selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, improving mood and anxiety symptoms.
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Antidepressant; inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Antidepressant; increase the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain.
Methylphenidate
Stimulant; used to treat ADHD, it increases attention and controls hyperactive behaviors.
Modafinil
Stimulant; promotes wakefulness and is used to treat sleep disorders like narcolepsy.
Aripiprazole
Antipsychotic; used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it acts on dopamine and serotonin receptors.
Chlorpromazine
Antipsychotic; used to treat psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, it blocks multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain.
Lithium
Mood stabilizer; used to treat bipolar disorder, helps to prevent mood swings.
Disulfiram
Alcohol Dependency Treatment; causes unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed, deterring individuals from drinking.
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Analgesic and Antipyretic; relieves pain and fever but is not classified as an NSAID.
Ibuprofen
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID); reduces inflammation, pain, and fever.
Aspirin
NSAID and Antiplatelet; reduces pain, inflammation, fever, and prevents blood clots.
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine; used to treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and seizures, it acts on GABA receptors.
Zolpidem
Sedative; used to treat insomnia, it acts on GABA receptors but is structurally different from benzodiazepines.
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