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Drugs for Bipolar Disorder

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Lithium

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Use case: Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Tremor, hypothyroidism, polyuria.

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Valproate

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Use case: Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Nausea, weight gain, hair loss.

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Carbamazepine

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Use case: Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Dizziness, blurred vision, ataxia.

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Lamotrigine

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Use case: Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, particularly effective in preventing depressive episodes. Primary side effects: Rash, dizziness, headache.

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Olanzapine

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Use case: Antipsychotic used to treat manic episodes in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Weight gain, sedation, increased risk for diabetes.

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Quetiapine

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Use case: Antipsychotic used to treat both manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Sedation, weight gain, dry mouth.

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Risperidone

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Use case: Antipsychotic used in the treatment of manic or mixed episodes in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, hyperprolactinemia.

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Aripiprazole

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Use case: Antipsychotic used in the treatment of bipolar I disorder for acute manic or mixed episodes, and as a maintenance therapy. Primary side effects: Akathisia, headache, nausea.

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Ziprasidone

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Use case: Antipsychotic used for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, QT prolongation.

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Asenapine

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Use case: Antipsychotic for the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes in bipolar I disorder. Primary side effects: Somnolence, increased appetite, oral hypoesthesia.

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Lurasidone

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Use case: Antipsychotic for the treatment of bipolar depression. Primary side effects: Akathisia, somnolence, nausea.

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Topiramate

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Use case: Off-label use as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Weight loss, cognitive slowing, paresthesia.

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Gabapentin

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Use case: Off-label use as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Dizziness, fatigue, peripheral edema.

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Oxcarbazepine

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Use case: Off-label use as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Dizziness, headache, nausea.

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Haloperidol

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Use case: Used off-label for acute control of severe mania in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia.

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Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam)

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Use case: Used for short-term management of acute mania or agitation in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Sedation, dependence, withdrawal symptoms.

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Paliperidone

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Use case: Antipsychotic for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. Primary side effects: Tachycardia, extrapyramidal symptoms, increased weight.

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Clozapine

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Use case: Used off-label for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder, particularly for those with psychotic features. Primary side effects: Agranulocytosis, seizures, weight gain.

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Zonisamide

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Use case: Off-label use as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Primary side effects: Weight loss, cognitive slowing, kidney stones.

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Sertraline

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Use case: Antidepressant used in the adjunctive treatment of bipolar depression. Primary side effects: Sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal upset, increased risk of mania.

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