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Sleep Disorders Pharmacotherapy
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Melatonin
Used for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders; typical dose is 0.3-5 mg taken several hours before bedtime.
Eszopiclone
Used for Insomnia; dosage may start at 1 mg immediately before bedtime, not to exceed 3 mg.
Zolpidem
Used for Insomnia; initial dose typically 5-10 mg for men and 5 mg for women, right before bedtime.
Ramelteon
Used for Insomnia, particularly delayed sleep phase syndrome; typically 8 mg taken 30 minutes before bedtime.
Modafinil
Used for Narcolepsy; the common dose is 200 mg taken once daily in the morning.
Trazodone
Off-label for Insomnia; low-dose, typically starting at 25-50 mg at bedtime.
Doxepin
Used for Insomnia, particularly trouble staying asleep; dose range is 3-6 mg before bedtime.
Suvorexant
Used for Insomnia; dosage typically starts at 10 mg, taken no more than once per night within 30 minutes of going to bed.
Temazepam
Used for Insomnia; the common dosage range is 7.5-30 mg taken 30 minutes before bedtime.
Zaleplon
Used for Insomnia; typically 5-20 mg taken right before bedtime or after going to bed and having difficulty falling asleep.
Armodafinil
Used for Narcolepsy; common dosing is 150-250 mg taken in the morning.
Sodium Oxybate
Used for Narcolepsy with Cataplexy; initial dose is generally 4.5 g per night, divided into two doses.
Diphenhydramine
Used off-label for Insomnia; an over-the-counter dose is typically 25-50 mg at bedtime.
Lemborexant
Used for Insomnia; 5-10 mg is the recommended dose taken once per night immediately before bedtime.
Hydroxyzine
Off-label for Insomnia; dosage is 25-100 mg at bedtime.
Quetiapine
Off-label for Insomnia; low-dose, often 25-100 mg at bedtime.
Pitolisant
Used for Narcolepsy; starting dose is 8.9 mg once daily in the morning, can be increased to a maximum of 35.6 mg.
Mirtazapine
Off-label for Insomnia; lower doses like 7.5-15 mg at bedtime can promote sleep.
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