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Sleep Disorders Pharmacotherapy

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Melatonin

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Used for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders; typical dose is 0.3-5 mg taken several hours before bedtime.

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Eszopiclone

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Used for Insomnia; dosage may start at 1 mg immediately before bedtime, not to exceed 3 mg.

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Zolpidem

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Used for Insomnia; initial dose typically 5-10 mg for men and 5 mg for women, right before bedtime.

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Ramelteon

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Used for Insomnia, particularly delayed sleep phase syndrome; typically 8 mg taken 30 minutes before bedtime.

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Modafinil

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Used for Narcolepsy; the common dose is 200 mg taken once daily in the morning.

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Trazodone

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Off-label for Insomnia; low-dose, typically starting at 25-50 mg at bedtime.

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Doxepin

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Used for Insomnia, particularly trouble staying asleep; dose range is 3-6 mg before bedtime.

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Suvorexant

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Used for Insomnia; dosage typically starts at 10 mg, taken no more than once per night within 30 minutes of going to bed.

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Temazepam

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Used for Insomnia; the common dosage range is 7.5-30 mg taken 30 minutes before bedtime.

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Zaleplon

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Used for Insomnia; typically 5-20 mg taken right before bedtime or after going to bed and having difficulty falling asleep.

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Armodafinil

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Used for Narcolepsy; common dosing is 150-250 mg taken in the morning.

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Sodium Oxybate

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Used for Narcolepsy with Cataplexy; initial dose is generally 4.5 g per night, divided into two doses.

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Diphenhydramine

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Used off-label for Insomnia; an over-the-counter dose is typically 25-50 mg at bedtime.

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Lemborexant

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Used for Insomnia; 5-10 mg is the recommended dose taken once per night immediately before bedtime.

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Hydroxyzine

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Off-label for Insomnia; dosage is 25-100 mg at bedtime.

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Quetiapine

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Off-label for Insomnia; low-dose, often 25-100 mg at bedtime.

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Pitolisant

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Used for Narcolepsy; starting dose is 8.9 mg once daily in the morning, can be increased to a maximum of 35.6 mg.

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Mirtazapine

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Off-label for Insomnia; lower doses like 7.5-15 mg at bedtime can promote sleep.

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