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Altruism and Helping Behavior
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Empathy
The capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference.
Genetic Relatedness
The probability of altruistic behavior increases with genetic relatedness due to kin selection theory.
Reciprocal Altruism
The concept of helping others with the expectation that they will probably return the favor in the future.
Social Norms
Rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, and that guide and/or constrain social behavior without the force of laws.
Social Learning Theory
We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished.
Mood
Positive moods can increase helping behavior, while negative moods can either increase or decrease it depending on the situation.
Group Dynamics
The presence, behavior, and expectations of others can influence an individual’s willingness to help.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Decision to help is often based on the perceived costs and benefits to the individual.
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