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A theoretical framework suggesting that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others.

Comparing ourselves to people who we believe are better than us in some way; can inspire us to improve but might also lower self-esteem.

Comparing ourselves to people who we think are worse off; can be used to boost self-esteem but may lead to complacency.

Comparing ourselves with peers or colleagues who are at a similar level, which can help in self-assessment and enhancement of our sense of identity.

A theory suggesting individuals are motivated to maintain or enhance their self-esteem by engaging in social comparisons with others.

A social comparison effect that occurs when individuals associate themselves with the success of others to improve their own self-image.

Occurred when making social comparisons, leading an individual to feel less similar to the person they are comparing themselves with, often resulting in lower self-evaluation.