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Development of Prejudice and Stereotypes in Children
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Categorization
Children categorize people into groups based on observable characteristics, which is a precursor to stereotype formation. This typically begins in early childhood.
Identity Constancy
By the age of 3-4, children understand that superficial changes in appearance do not change a person's race or gender, which solidifies their group categorizations.
In-group Bias
From as early as preschool, children show preferences for their own social groups over others which is a key stage in stereotype development.
Out-group Homogeneity
Children start to perceive out-group members as more similar to each other than they are to members of their own group, often around the age of 5 or 6.
Stereotype Acquisition
By the age of 7-8, children acquire stereotypes from adults, media, and peers. These stereotypes are often rigid and not based on personal experience.
Stereotype Flexibility
During later childhood and adolescence, some children begin to understand that stereotypes can be overly simplistic and not always accurate, leading to more flexible thinking about social groups.
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