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Autoimmune Diseases

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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A chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath. Common antigens targeted include myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG).

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Common antigens targeted include insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and the tyrosine phosphatases IA-2 and ZnT8.

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Celiac Disease

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An autoimmune disease where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Common antigens targeted include tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and endomysium.

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Myasthenia Gravis

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An autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles. Common antigens targeted include acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

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A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet. Common antigens targeted include IgG (rheumatoid factor) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA).

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Psoriasis

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An autoimmune disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp. Common antigens targeted are not fully understood but may involve the TNF-alpha pathway.

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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A systemic autoimmune disease that affects the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. Common antigens targeted include nuclear antigens, such as double-stranded DNA, histones, and Smith (Sm) antigen.

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Graves' Disease

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An autoimmune disease that causes hyperthyroidism due to antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland. Common antigens targeted include the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR).

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