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Immunology

Types of Antibodies

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IgA

Function: Protects mucous membranes by neutralizing pathogens and toxins. Location: Found in mucous secretions like tears, saliva, and breast milk.

IgG

Function: Provides long-term immune defense, neutralizes toxins, and opsonizes pathogens. Location: Predominant antibody in blood and extracellular fluid.

IgM

Function: First antibody produced during an immune response, acts as a potent agglutinin. Location: Expressed on the surface of B cells and in a secreted form in the blood.

IgE

Function: Binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils, and is involved in allergy. Location: Bound to receptors on basophils and mast cells.

IgD

Function: Acts mainly as an antigen receptor on immature B cells and is involved in the initiation of immune response. Location: Found mainly on the surface of B cells and in very small amounts in blood.

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