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Lymphocyte Activation Signals
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Signal 1
Signal 1 is provided by the engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) with the antigen-MHC complex on antigen-presenting cells. It recognizes specific antigens and initiates T-cell activation.
Signal 3
Signal 3 involves the interaction of cytokines with their receptors on lymphocytes, promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Essentially, it tunes the immune response to the context of the antigen encounter.
Signal 2
Signal 2, also known as co-stimulation, is provided by the interaction between co-stimulatory molecules (like CD28 on T-cells) with their ligands (like B7-1/B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells), which is essential for T-cell activation and prevention of anergy.
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