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Inflammatory Mediators
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Histamine
Increases permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues.
Prostaglandins
Group of lipids that can cause vasodilation, fever, and pain, as part of the body's effort to deal with injury or disease.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
A cytokine involved in systemic inflammation, responsible for signaling apoptosis, inflammation, and immune regulation.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
A cytokine involved in the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
A cytokine that stimulates immune response, especially during infection and trauma. It is involved in inflammation and infection responses and also in the regulation of metabolic, regenerative, and neural processes.
Nitric Oxide (NO)
A soluble gas produced by endothelial cells, macrophages, and neurons that acts as a vasodilator and has antimicrobial and anti-tumoral activities.
Bradykinin
A peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate, and therefore causes blood pressure to lower. It also increases vessel permeability, causing swelling and pain, known for its role in the pain pathway.
Complement System
A group of proteins circulating in the blood and fluid in the body that can be activated to help destroy and remove foreign substances. Its activation contributes to inflammation and cell lysis.
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