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Happens after lymphocytes have matured and left central organs, to prevent immune response to self outside the thymus and bone marrow. Examples: Regulatory T cells suppressing autoimmune responses, Anergy in self-reactive lymphocytes.

A state of unresponsiveness to antigen stimulation, effectively inactivating self-reactive T or B cells when costimulatory molecules are absent. Examples: T cell anergy when only the TCR is engaged without CD28, B cell anergy with engagement of BCR without helper T cell interaction.

Specialized T cells that maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune disease by controlling the immune response. Examples: Suppression of effector T cell function, Modulation of dendritic cell (DC) maturation and antigen presentation.

Occurs during lymphocyte development in thymus and bone marrow, eliminating self-reactive T and B cells to prevent autoimmunity. Examples: Negative selection of T cells in thymus, Clonal deletion of B cells in bone marrow.