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Immune Checkpoints
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CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4)
CTLA-4 is a checkpoint protein on T cells that down-regulates the immune response by competing with CD28 for binding to B7 molecules on antigen-presenting cells.
PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1)
PD-L1 is a transmembrane protein that can bind to PD-1 on T cells, leading to the inhibition of T cell activation and cytokine production.
PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1)
PD-1 is an immune checkpoint that negatively regulates immune responses, preventing autoimmunity and helping to terminate immune responses.
LAG-3 (Lymphocyte-activation gene 3)
LAG-3 negatively regulates cellular proliferation, activation, and homeostasis of T cells. It is a receptor on the cell surface of activated T cell and natural killer (NK) cells.
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