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Hypersensitivity Reactions
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Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune complex-mediated reaction where antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, serum sickness, and Arthus reaction.
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Delayed or cell-mediated reaction involving T cells that respond to antigens by releasing cytokines and recruiting macrophages. Examples include contact dermatitis, tuberculosis skin test, and chronic transplant rejection.
Type I Hypersensitivity
Immediate reaction mediated by IgE bound to mast cells and basophils, causing degranulation and release of histamine. Examples include allergic rhinitis, asthma, anaphylaxis.
Type II Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic reaction where IgG or IgM antibodies target antigens on cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, activating complement. Examples include hemolytic anemia, Goodpasture syndrome, rheumatic fever.
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