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Andrology: Male Infertility Factors
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Varicocele
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds the testicles. Treatments include varicocelectomy or embolization to alleviate the varicocele, which may improve sperm quality.
Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia)
Oligospermia is a male fertility issue characterized by a lower than normal sperm count. Possible treatments include hormonal medications, lifestyle changes, and assisted reproductive techniques like IVF.
Sperm Motility Issues
Sperm motility refers to the ability of sperm to move efficiently. Poor sperm motility can be treated with lifestyle changes, antioxidants, or assisted reproductive technologies like IUI or IVF.
Sperm Morphology Abnormalities
This refers to abnormal shapes and sizes of sperm which can impact fertility. Treatments may include IVF with ICSI to facilitate fertilization despite abnormal morphology.
Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a condition where the body doesn't produce enough sex hormones. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to normalize hormone levels.
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection suitable for intercourse. Treatment options include medication like sildenafil, lifestyle changes, or psychological counseling.
Ejaculatory Dysfunction
This encompasses issues with ejaculation, including premature, delayed, or retrograde ejaculation. Treatments depend on the cause and may involve medication, surgery, or behavioral therapy.
Genetic Disorders
Genetic disorders like Klinefelter syndrome or cystic fibrosis can cause infertility. Treatment may involve assisted reproductive technologies or donor sperm.
Infections
Infections such as epididymitis, orchitis, or sexually transmitted infections can impact fertility. Treatment involves antibiotics or antiviral medication, and in severe cases, surgery may be required.
Immunological Infertility
This is when the body's immune system mistakenly targets sperm as a foreign substance. Treatments may include steroids to suppress immunity or assisted reproduction techniques.
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