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Urolithiasis (Urinary Stones) Management
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Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy
A minimally invasive method where a ureteroscope is inserted into the urethra to locate and fragment stones using a laser. Commonly used for stones in the ureter.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
An invasive procedure where a small incision is made in the back to remove large stones from the kidney. Ideal for stones larger than 2 cm or in cases where ESWL is ineffective.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
A non-invasive treatment that uses shock waves to break down stones in the kidney and urinary tract. Typically used for stones less than 2 cm in size.
Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET)
The administration of medications to facilitate the passage of stones through the urinary tract. Often used for small stones and as adjunctive therapy following shock wave lithotripsy.
Open Surgery
A highly invasive surgical procedure to remove very large or complex stones from the urinary tract. It is typically a last resort when other less invasive treatments have failed.
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