Discover published sets by community

Purpose: To visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and in some cases the prostate gland, using sound waves. Methodology: An ultrasound transducer emits sound waves that create images of urinary organs.

Purpose: To obtain a tissue sample from the kidney to diagnose kidney disease. Methodology: Under imaging guidance, a needle is inserted through the skin into the kidney to remove a tissue sample.

Purpose: To image the testicles and surrounding areas to detect abnormalities. Methodology: A handheld transducer is moved over the scrotum to produce images using high-frequency sound waves.

Purpose: To measure how much pressure builds up inside the bladder as it fills with urine, to assess bladder function. Methodology: Catheters and pressure sensors are used to measure pressure as the bladder fills and empties.

Purpose: To identify and grow any bacteria present in the urine to diagnose a urinary tract infection. Methodology: Urine is inoculated on culture media and incubated to determine the presence of bacterial growth.

Purpose: To collect all urine produced in a 24-hour period for analysis. Methodology: Patient collects urine in a special container over the span of 24 hours.

Purpose: To assess the functionality and anatomy of a urinary diversion, where urine is rerouted through a segment of intestine. Methodology: Contrast dye is inserted into the stoma, and X-ray imaging captures its flow.

Purpose: To visualize the ureters, bladder, and kidney anatomy and function. Methodology: An IV contrast dye is used, and X-rays are taken as the dye travels through the urinary tract.

Purpose: To measure the volume and speed of urine flow to diagnose bladder and urethral function. Methodology: Patient urinates into a special device that records these parameters.

Purpose: Allows visualization of the interior of the bladder and urethra. Methodology: A cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to examine the lining.

Purpose: To detect prostate-specific antigen levels that might indicate prostate cancer. Methodology: A blood sample is analyzed for PSA concentration using immunoassays.

Purpose: To evaluate the health and viability of sperm. Methodology: Semen is collected via ejaculation and analyzed for volume, concentration, motility, and morphology.

Purpose: To measure the amount of urine left in the bladder after urination to check for problems with bladder emptying. Methodology: Either a catheter is inserted after urination, or ultrasound is used to measure remaining urine.

Purpose: To assess how well the kidneys are working by measuring the levels of urea, creatinine, and certain electrolytes. Methodology: Blood and urine samples are analyzed for these waste products and substances.