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Kidney Stone Types

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Cystine stones

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Rare stones made up of the amino acid cystine, arising from a genetic disorder called cystinuria.

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Struvite stones

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Contain magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Associated with urinary tract infections caused by bacteria that produce urease.

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Calcium oxalate stones

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Most common type, built from calcium oxalate. Risk factors include high oxalate intake, high vitamin C intake, and metabolic disorders.

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Uric acid stones

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Made of uric acid, a byproduct of protein metabolism. Risk factors include a high purine diet, gout, and chronic dehydration.

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Calcium phosphate stones

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Consist of calcium and phosphate. Risk factors are similar to calcium oxalate and include renal tubular acidosis and urinary tract infections.

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