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Kidney Stone Types
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Cystine stones
Rare stones made up of the amino acid cystine, arising from a genetic disorder called cystinuria.
Struvite stones
Contain magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Associated with urinary tract infections caused by bacteria that produce urease.
Calcium oxalate stones
Most common type, built from calcium oxalate. Risk factors include high oxalate intake, high vitamin C intake, and metabolic disorders.
Uric acid stones
Made of uric acid, a byproduct of protein metabolism. Risk factors include a high purine diet, gout, and chronic dehydration.
Calcium phosphate stones
Consist of calcium and phosphate. Risk factors are similar to calcium oxalate and include renal tubular acidosis and urinary tract infections.
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