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Anatomical Terms of Movement
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Flexion
The bending of a joint or decrease in angle between bones, typically used in describing bending limbs or the spine.
Extension
The straightening of a joint or increase in angle between bones, commonly performed by limbs or the spine.
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body, often used in reference to limbs.
Adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body, typically involving the limbs.
Rotation
Movement around the axis of a bone, can occur in various body parts such as the head or limbs.
Circumduction
The circular movement of a limb or eye, which combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Supination
Outward roll of the foot during normal motion or the outward rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing upwards.
Pronation
Inward roll of the foot during normal motion or the inward rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downwards.
Eversion
The movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane, often when twisting the ankle.
Inversion
The movement of the sole of the foot towards the median plane, typical in ankle sprains.
Elevation
Raising a body part, such as shrugging the shoulders or moving the jaw upwards.
Depression
Lowering a body part, such as dropping the shoulders or moving the jaw downwards.
Protraction
The anterior movement of a body part in the horizontal plane, such as jutting the jaw forward.
Retraction
The posterior movement of a body part in the horizontal plane, like pulling the jaw back.
Pronation of the foot
The combination of eversion, dorsiflexion, and abduction movements of the foot.
Supination of the foot
The combination of inversion, plantarflexion, and adduction movements of the foot.
Dorsiflexion
Flexing the foot at the ankle, bringing the toes towards the shin, typically used when talking about movements at the ankle.
Plantarflexion
Extending the foot at the ankle, pointing the toes away from the shin, commonly referenced when discussing ankle movements.
Opposition
Movement by which the thumb is brought toward the fingers of the same hand, enabling the hand to grasp objects.
Reposition
Movement by which the thumb is moved back to its anatomical position from opposition, separating it from the fingers.
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