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Endocrine System Hormones

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Testosterone

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Producing gland: Testes; Effect: Development of male secondary sexual characteristics

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Growth Hormone (GH)

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Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration

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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

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Producing gland: Heart atria; Effect: Reduces water, sodium and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure

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Cortisol

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Producing gland: Adrenal cortex; Effect: Increases blood sugar and aids in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism

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Progesterone

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Producing gland: Ovaries; Effect: Prepares the uterus for pregnancy

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males

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Insulin

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Producing gland: Pancreas; Effect: Lowers blood glucose levels

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Thyroxine (T4)

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Producing gland: Thyroid gland; Effect: Stimulates metabolism

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Melatonin

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Producing gland: Pineal gland; Effect: Regulates sleep-wake cycles

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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

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Producing gland: Placenta; Effect: Maintains pregnancy and supports the corpus luteum

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Progesterone

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Producing gland: Corpus luteum in the ovaries; Effect: Prepares and maintains the endometrium for pregnancy

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Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

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Producing gland: Adrenal medulla; Effect: Increases heart rate and blood flow, enhances conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver

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Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

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Producing gland: Adrenal medulla; Effect: Increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers release of glucose from energy stores

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Prolactin (PRL)

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Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates milk production in breasts

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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

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Calcitonin

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Producing gland: Thyroid gland; Effect: Lowers blood calcium levels

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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in women and spermatogenesis in men

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Relaxin

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Producing gland: Corpus luteum in the ovaries; Effect: Relaxes ligaments in the pelvis and softens and widens the cervix during childbirth

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Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

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Producing gland: Heart ventricles; Effect: Similar to ANP, reduces blood pressure and controls electrolyte homeostasis

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Estrogen

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Producing gland: Ovaries; Effect: Development of female secondary sexual characteristics

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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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Producing gland: Posterior pituitary; Effect: Promotes retention of water by the kidneys

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Oxytocin

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Producing gland: Posterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding

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Leptin

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Producing gland: Adipose tissue; Effect: Regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger

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Aldosterone

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Producing gland: Adrenal cortex; Effect: Regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood

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Ghrelin

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Producing gland: Stomach; Effect: Stimulates hunger and increases food intake

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Glucagon

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Producing gland: Pancreas; Effect: Raises blood glucose levels

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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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Producing gland: Parathyroid glands; Effect: Raises blood calcium levels

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Triiodothyronine (T3)

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Producing gland: Thyroid gland; Effect: Stimulates metabolism

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands

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Erythropoietin (EPO)

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Producing gland: Kidneys; Effect: Stimulates production of red blood cells

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