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Endocrine System Hormones
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Testosterone
Producing gland: Testes; Effect: Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
Growth Hormone (GH)
Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Producing gland: Heart atria; Effect: Reduces water, sodium and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure
Cortisol
Producing gland: Adrenal cortex; Effect: Increases blood sugar and aids in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism
Progesterone
Producing gland: Ovaries; Effect: Prepares the uterus for pregnancy
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males
Insulin
Producing gland: Pancreas; Effect: Lowers blood glucose levels
Thyroxine (T4)
Producing gland: Thyroid gland; Effect: Stimulates metabolism
Melatonin
Producing gland: Pineal gland; Effect: Regulates sleep-wake cycles
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Producing gland: Placenta; Effect: Maintains pregnancy and supports the corpus luteum
Progesterone
Producing gland: Corpus luteum in the ovaries; Effect: Prepares and maintains the endometrium for pregnancy
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Producing gland: Adrenal medulla; Effect: Increases heart rate and blood flow, enhances conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
Producing gland: Adrenal medulla; Effect: Increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers release of glucose from energy stores
Prolactin (PRL)
Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates milk production in breasts
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
Calcitonin
Producing gland: Thyroid gland; Effect: Lowers blood calcium levels
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in women and spermatogenesis in men
Relaxin
Producing gland: Corpus luteum in the ovaries; Effect: Relaxes ligaments in the pelvis and softens and widens the cervix during childbirth
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Producing gland: Heart ventricles; Effect: Similar to ANP, reduces blood pressure and controls electrolyte homeostasis
Estrogen
Producing gland: Ovaries; Effect: Development of female secondary sexual characteristics
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Producing gland: Posterior pituitary; Effect: Promotes retention of water by the kidneys
Oxytocin
Producing gland: Posterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding
Leptin
Producing gland: Adipose tissue; Effect: Regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger
Aldosterone
Producing gland: Adrenal cortex; Effect: Regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood
Ghrelin
Producing gland: Stomach; Effect: Stimulates hunger and increases food intake
Glucagon
Producing gland: Pancreas; Effect: Raises blood glucose levels
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Producing gland: Parathyroid glands; Effect: Raises blood calcium levels
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Producing gland: Thyroid gland; Effect: Stimulates metabolism
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Producing gland: Anterior pituitary; Effect: Stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Producing gland: Kidneys; Effect: Stimulates production of red blood cells
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