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Lymphatic System Structures

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Lymphatic Vessels

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Transport the lymph towards lymph nodes and eventually into the larger lymphatic ducts.

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Thymus

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Site of T-cell maturation and selection, critical for developing the adaptive immune response.

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Thoracic Duct

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Carries lymph from the lower and left side of the body into the bloodstream.

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Right Lymphatic Duct

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Drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the thorax, and the right halves of the head and neck into the bloodstream.

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Red Bone Marrow

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Produces lymphocytes and other blood cells, vital for creating the cellular components of the immune system.

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Lymph Nodes

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Filter lymph and assist immune response by trapping pathogens and facilitating the activation of lymphocytes.

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Valves

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Prevent backflow of lymph within lymphatic vessels and ensure unidirectional flow.

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Cortex of Lymph Nodes

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Outer part of the lymph node containing follicles with germinal centers, B cells, and other immune cells.

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Lymphocytes

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Contribute to immune response by producing antibodies and destroying infected cells.

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Medulla of Lymph Nodes

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Inner part of the lymph node with medullary cords that contain plasma cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes.

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Cisterna Chyli

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Receives lymph from the lower body and is the starting point of the thoracic duct.

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Afferent Lymphatic Vessels

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Carry lymph into a lymph node to be filtered.

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Lymphoid Follicles

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Sites within lymph nodes where B cells proliferate and antibody responses are initiated.

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Peyer's Patches

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Monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines.

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Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

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Protects the mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts from pathogens.

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Efferent Lymphatic Vessels

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Transport filtered lymph away from the lymph node.

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Tonsils

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Trap pathogens from food or air and activate lymphocytes.

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Lacteals

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Specialized lymph capillaries in the intestines that absorb dietary fats.

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Lymph Capillaries

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Absorb interstitial fluid and route it back towards the bloodstream.

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Spleen

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Filters blood, destroys old red blood cells, and helps mount an immune response to blood-borne pathogens.

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