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Lymphatic System Structures
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Lymph Capillaries
Absorb interstitial fluid and route it back towards the bloodstream.
Lymphatic Vessels
Transport the lymph towards lymph nodes and eventually into the larger lymphatic ducts.
Lymph Nodes
Filter lymph and assist immune response by trapping pathogens and facilitating the activation of lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes
Contribute to immune response by producing antibodies and destroying infected cells.
Thymus
Site of T-cell maturation and selection, critical for developing the adaptive immune response.
Spleen
Filters blood, destroys old red blood cells, and helps mount an immune response to blood-borne pathogens.
Tonsils
Trap pathogens from food or air and activate lymphocytes.
Peyer's Patches
Monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines.
Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
Protects the mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts from pathogens.
Cisterna Chyli
Receives lymph from the lower body and is the starting point of the thoracic duct.
Thoracic Duct
Carries lymph from the lower and left side of the body into the bloodstream.
Right Lymphatic Duct
Drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the thorax, and the right halves of the head and neck into the bloodstream.
Red Bone Marrow
Produces lymphocytes and other blood cells, vital for creating the cellular components of the immune system.
Lacteals
Specialized lymph capillaries in the intestines that absorb dietary fats.
Valves
Prevent backflow of lymph within lymphatic vessels and ensure unidirectional flow.
Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
Carry lymph into a lymph node to be filtered.
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
Transport filtered lymph away from the lymph node.
Lymphoid Follicles
Sites within lymph nodes where B cells proliferate and antibody responses are initiated.
Cortex of Lymph Nodes
Outer part of the lymph node containing follicles with germinal centers, B cells, and other immune cells.
Medulla of Lymph Nodes
Inner part of the lymph node with medullary cords that contain plasma cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
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