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Involved in muscle activation, memory formation, and learning. Deficits are associated with memory loss and are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

Plays a role in reward, motivation, and motor control. Imbalances are linked with Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

Modulates mood, emotion, sleep, and appetite. Alterations in its levels are implicated in depression and anxiety disorders.

Acts as a stress hormone and neurotransmitter, involved in alertness, arousal, and the fight-or-flight response.

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, which reduces neuronal excitability and is involved in regulating anxiety.

The principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, crucial for synaptic plasticity and brain development.

Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and are also involved in reward mechanisms.

Involved in the regulation of stomach acid secretion, wakefulness, and immune response.

Generally acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in sleep and suppresses arousal.

Plays a role in pain, mood, appetite regulation, and memory. It's an endocannabinoid—a naturally occurring version of cannabis-like chemicals.

A hormone and neurotransmitter that increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. It's related to stress and the fight-or-flight response.

A neurotransmitter that is involved in transmitting pain signals from the body to the central nervous system.

Commonly known as the 'love hormone', it is involved in childbirth, bonding, and social relationships.

Acts to regulate water retention in the body and also plays a role in social behavior, sexual motivation, and pair bonding.