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Neurotransmitters and Their Effects

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Anandamide

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Plays a role in pain, mood, appetite regulation, and memory. It's an endocannabinoid—a naturally occurring version of cannabis-like chemicals.

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Glutamate

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The principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, crucial for synaptic plasticity and brain development.

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Oxytocin

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Commonly known as the 'love hormone', it is involved in childbirth, bonding, and social relationships.

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Endorphins

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Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and are also involved in reward mechanisms.

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Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

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A hormone and neurotransmitter that increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. It's related to stress and the fight-or-flight response.

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Nitric Oxide

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Unlike most neurotransmitters, it is a gas. It's involved in the relaxation of blood vessels and therefore helps regulate blood flow, blood pressure, and is involved in various central nervous system functions.

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Substance P

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A neurotransmitter that is involved in transmitting pain signals from the body to the central nervous system.

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GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

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The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, which reduces neuronal excitability and is involved in regulating anxiety.

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Adenosine

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Generally acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in sleep and suppresses arousal.

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Dopamine

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Plays a role in reward, motivation, and motor control. Imbalances are linked with Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

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Norepinephrine

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Acts as a stress hormone and neurotransmitter, involved in alertness, arousal, and the fight-or-flight response.

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Vasopressin

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Acts to regulate water retention in the body and also plays a role in social behavior, sexual motivation, and pair bonding.

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Acetylcholine

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Involved in muscle activation, memory formation, and learning. Deficits are associated with memory loss and are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Histamine

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Involved in the regulation of stomach acid secretion, wakefulness, and immune response.

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Serotonin

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Modulates mood, emotion, sleep, and appetite. Alterations in its levels are implicated in depression and anxiety disorders.

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