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A neurotransmitter that is involved in transmitting pain signals from the body to the central nervous system.

Acts as a stress hormone and neurotransmitter, involved in alertness, arousal, and the fight-or-flight response.

Acts to regulate water retention in the body and also plays a role in social behavior, sexual motivation, and pair bonding.

Involved in the regulation of stomach acid secretion, wakefulness, and immune response.

Generally acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in sleep and suppresses arousal.

Involved in muscle activation, memory formation, and learning. Deficits are associated with memory loss and are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and are also involved in reward mechanisms.

Plays a role in pain, mood, appetite regulation, and memory. It's an endocannabinoid—a naturally occurring version of cannabis-like chemicals.

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, which reduces neuronal excitability and is involved in regulating anxiety.

Modulates mood, emotion, sleep, and appetite. Alterations in its levels are implicated in depression and anxiety disorders.

The principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, crucial for synaptic plasticity and brain development.

Unlike most neurotransmitters, it is a gas. It's involved in the relaxation of blood vessels and therefore helps regulate blood flow, blood pressure, and is involved in various central nervous system functions.

Commonly known as the 'love hormone', it is involved in childbirth, bonding, and social relationships.

A hormone and neurotransmitter that increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. It's related to stress and the fight-or-flight response.