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Reproductive System Basics

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Fallopian Tubes

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Pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

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Cervix

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The narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus and opening into the vagina.

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Spermatozoa

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Male reproductive cells designed to carry genetic information and fertilize an oocyte.

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Ovaries

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Female reproductive glands that produce oocytes and secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

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Fimbriae

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Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help guide the released egg into the tube.

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Semen

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The male reproductive fluid, containing spermatozoa in suspension.

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Prostate Gland

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Adds a chemical fluid to the semen that protects and energizes sperm.

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Labia Majora

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The larger outer folds of the vulva.

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Labia Minora

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The smaller inner folds of the vulva.

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Myometrium

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The smooth muscle layer of the uterus which contracts rhythmically during childbirth.

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Testes

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Male reproductive glands responsible for the production of sperm and secretion of testosterone.

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Endometrium

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The mucous membrane lining the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle and is shed during menstruation if no pregnancy occurs.

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Corpus Luteum

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A hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an egg has been discharged, but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun.

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Clitoris

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A small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva.

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Seminal Vesicles

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Two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move.

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Vagina

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A muscular canal leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in females.

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Scrotum

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A pouch of skin containing the testicles.

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Endocrine function of the Testes

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The production and secretion of hormones, primarily testosterone, by the interstitial cells.

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Acrosome

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A cap-like structure covering the head of a sperm that contains enzymes helping the sperm to penetrate the egg.

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Epididymis

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A long, coiled tube that stores sperm and transports it from the testes.

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Vas Deferens

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The duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.

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Uterus

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A hollow muscular organ in females where the fertilized egg implants and a fetus develops.

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Bulbourethral Glands

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Small glands near the male urethra that secrete fluid into the urethra during sexual arousal.

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Mammary Glands

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Exocrine glands in females that produce milk to feed young offspring.

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Ampulla

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An enlarged, saclike portion of the fallopian tube where fertilization often occurs.

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