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Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.

Smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs with the alveoli.

A dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen. It plays a major role in breathing.

A flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Houses the vocal cords, and is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

A muscular tube that serves as a pathway for air and food, commonly known as the throat.

A double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs, commonly known as breathing.

A large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

The amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest.

The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume.

The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation.

The total amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation, used to assess strength of respiratory muscles.

Areas of the airways that are not involved in gas exchange, such as the trachea and bronchi.

An instrument used to measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.

A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.

The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood.