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A flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

A dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen. It plays a major role in breathing.

The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.

Smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs with the alveoli.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation.

A double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.

The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume.

The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood.

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs, commonly known as breathing.

An instrument used to measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

Areas of the airways that are not involved in gas exchange, such as the trachea and bronchi.

Houses the vocal cords, and is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

A large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes.

The total amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation, used to assess strength of respiratory muscles.

A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.

A condition in which the pH of blood is below 7.35 due to excessive retention of carbon dioxide resulting from impaired lung function.

The amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest.