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Fundamentals of Human Nutrition

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Iron

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Function: Essential for the formation of hemoglobin and oxygen transport in the blood. Sources: Red meat, beans, and fortified cereals.

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Phosphorus

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Function: Important for bone health and energy storage and transfer. Sources: Meat, dairy, and nuts.

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

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Function: Crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function. Sources: Whole grains, pork, and seeds.

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Vitamin C

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Function: Important for immune function, skin health, and antioxidant activity. Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries, and bell peppers.

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Potassium

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Function: Crucial for heart and kidney function, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission. Sources: Bananas, potatoes, and oranges.

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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

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Function: Involved in energy production and skin & eye health. Sources: Milk, eggs, and almonds.

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

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Function: Essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation. Sources: Meat, fish, and dairy products.

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Vitamin K

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Function: Key for blood clotting and bone health. Sources: Leafy greens, such as kale and spinach, and fermented foods.

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Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

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Function: Important for healthy hair, nails, and metabolism. Sources: Eggs, nuts, and sweet potatoes.

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Vitamin B9 (Folate)

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Function: Necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division, especially important during pregnancy. Sources: Leafy greens, legumes, and citrus fruits.

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Vitamin A

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Function: Essential for vision, immune function, and skin health. Sources: Carrots, sweet potatoes, and kale.

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Magnesium

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Function: Involved in over 300 biochemical reactions, including muscle and nerve function and blood glucose control. Sources: Nuts, whole grains, and leafy greens.

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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Function: Important for DNA repair, metabolism, and skin health. Sources: Chicken, tuna, and lentils.

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Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

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Function: Essential for fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Sources: Mushrooms, avocados, and eggs.

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Vitamin B6

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Function: Involved in amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production, and brain health. Sources: Salmon, chicken, and bananas.

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Vitamin D

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Function: Essential for bone health and calcium regulation. Sources: Sun exposure, fortified milk, and fatty fish.

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Vitamin E

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Function: Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. Sources: Nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils.

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Calcium

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Function: Vital for bone and teeth strength, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Sources: Dairy products, leafy greens, and calcium-fortified foods.

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Copper

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Function: Important for iron metabolism, nerve function, and collagen production. Sources: Shellfish, whole grains, and nuts.

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Zinc

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Function: Vital for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. Sources: Oysters, beef, and chickpeas.

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Selenium

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Function: Acts as an antioxidant and is important for thyroid function. Sources: Brazil nuts, seafood, and grains.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

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Function: Important for cardiovascular health, brain function, and reducing inflammation. Sources: Fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts.

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Manganese

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Function: Plays a role in bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation. Sources: Whole grains, nuts, and leafy greens.

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Iodine

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Function: Necessary for thyroid hormone production, which regulates metabolism. Sources: Seafood, dairy, and iodized salt.

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Chromium

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Function: Enhances insulin action and is important for glucose metabolism. Sources: Broccoli, grape juice, and whole-wheat products.

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