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Brain Structures and Functions
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Frontal Lobe
Involved in executive functions such as decision making, problem solving, and planning.
Parietal Lobe
Processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to spatial sense and navigation.
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for visual processing.
Temporal Lobe
Key for processing auditory information and is also important for the processing of semantics in both speech and vision.
Cerebellum
Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech.
Brain Stem
Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and also controls basic body functions like breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness.
Hippocampus
Critical for the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.
Amygdala
Primarily involved in emotional processes, such as the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events.
Hypothalamus
Regulates a variety of bodily functions including temperature regulation, sleep, appetite, and emotional responses.
Thalamus
Acts as the brain's relay station, channeling sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
Broca's Area
Associated with the production of speech and language comprehension.
Wernicke's Area
Involved in understanding spoken language and is connected with the ability to recognize and comprehend written language.
Primary Motor Cortex
Responsible for generating neural impulses that control the execution of movement.
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Responsible for processing somatic sensations, or sensations from the body, including touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (the sense of position and movement).
Prefrontal Cortex
Associated with complex behaviors including planning, decision-making, impulse control, and moderating social behavior.
Basal Ganglia
A group of nuclei that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain stem, associated with a variety of functions including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviors or habits, and cognition and emotion.
Corpus Callosum
The largest white matter structure in the brain, it facilitates communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.
Pituitary Gland
The 'master gland' of the body; it produces hormones that regulate other glands and a wide range of bodily functions like growth, metabolism, and sexual maturation.
Pineal Gland
A small endocrine gland that produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.
Cingulate Cortex
Involved in emotional regulation, learning, memory, and autonomic functions.
Insula
Involved in consciousness and plays a role in emotion regulation. Also implicated in the perception of bodily sensations, such as taste and visceral pain.
Fusiform Gyrus
Involved in the recognition of faces and interpreting various types of visual information, such as body language.
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Involved in auditory processing, including the perception of speech and sound. It also plays a role in social cognition.
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Plays a role in the processing and recognition of complex objects like shapes and colors.
Olfactory Bulb
Critical for the sense of smell (olfaction). It takes information from the nasal cavity and sends it to various parts of the brain for processing.
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