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Involved in executive functions such as decision making, problem solving, and planning.

Regulates a variety of bodily functions including temperature regulation, sleep, appetite, and emotional responses.

Responsible for processing somatic sensations, or sensations from the body, including touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (the sense of position and movement).

A small endocrine gland that produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Associated with complex behaviors including planning, decision-making, impulse control, and moderating social behavior.

Critical for the sense of smell (olfaction). It takes information from the nasal cavity and sends it to various parts of the brain for processing.

Responsible for visual processing.

The largest white matter structure in the brain, it facilitates communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Critical for the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.

Responsible for generating neural impulses that control the execution of movement.

Processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to spatial sense and navigation.

Involved in consciousness and plays a role in emotion regulation. Also implicated in the perception of bodily sensations, such as taste and visceral pain.

Primarily involved in emotional processes, such as the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events.

Involved in the recognition of faces and interpreting various types of visual information, such as body language.

Associated with the production of speech and language comprehension.

Involved in auditory processing, including the perception of speech and sound. It also plays a role in social cognition.

Key for processing auditory information and is also important for the processing of semantics in both speech and vision.

Plays a role in the processing and recognition of complex objects like shapes and colors.

Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech.

Acts as the brain's relay station, channeling sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

Involved in understanding spoken language and is connected with the ability to recognize and comprehend written language.

The 'master gland' of the body; it produces hormones that regulate other glands and a wide range of bodily functions like growth, metabolism, and sexual maturation.

A group of nuclei that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain stem, associated with a variety of functions including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviors or habits, and cognition and emotion.

Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and also controls basic body functions like breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness.