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Role: Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. Location: Throughout the body, connects to muscles and sensory receptors.

Role: Activates the 'fight or flight' response during perceived threats. Location: Across the body, with ganglia near the spinal cord.

Role: Connect sensory and motor neurons and interpret signals in the CNS. Location: Located within the CNS.

Role: Connects the CNS to limbs and organs, essentially serving as a communication relay. Location: Outside the brain and spinal cord.

Role: Transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. Location: Throughout the entire nervous system.

Role: Controls involuntary bodily functions and regulates glands. Location: Spread throughout the body.

Role: Promotes the 'rest and digest' response to conserve energy and maintain homeostasis. Location: Across the body, but originates from the brainstem and lower part of the spinal cord.

Role: Transmit sensory information from receptors to the CNS. Location: Throughout the body, in sensory organs like eyes and skin.

Role: Controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger, and every process that regulates our body. Location: In the skull.

Role: Carry signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands. Location: Extend from the CNS to effector organs.

Role: Integrates and processes information from sensory organs and coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses. Location: Brain and spinal cord.

Role: Increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction, insulation, and regeneration of nerve fibers. Location: Surrounds axons of many neurons.

Role: Detect stimuli and convert them into electrical impulses to be sent to the CNS. Location: Located in various sensory organs and skin.

Role: Allow neurons to communicate with one another through neurotransmitters. Location: Between the end of a neuron's axon and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron.

Role: Act as scavengers, removing dead cells and debris, and providing immune defense to the CNS. Location: Throughout the CNS.

Role: Transmits information between brain and body and coordinates reflexes. Location: Runs down from the base of the brain to the lower back.

Role: Produce myelin in the PNS, aid in nerve regeneration, and help conduct nerve impulses. Location: Wrapped around the axons of neurons in the PNS.

Role: Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech. Location: At the base of the skull, behind the top part of the brainstem.

Role: Regulates homeostasis, including temperature control, metabolism, and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Location: Below the thalamus, just above the brainstem.

Role: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another. Location: In the synaptic vesicles of the axon terminals.

Role: Conduct impulses to and from the spinal cord, connecting the CNS to sensory organs, muscles, and glands. Location: Emerge from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.

Role: Form and maintain the myelin sheath in the CNS, supporting and insulating axons. Location: Throughout the CNS.

Role: Critical for the formation of new memories and associated with learning and emotions. Location: Part of the limbic system in the temporal lobe.

Role: Regulates the central nervous system and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. Location: Connects the brain to the spinal cord.

Role: Support neuronal function, form blood-brain barrier, regulate ion concentration, and repair the nervous system. Location: CNS.

Role: Processes complex cognitive tasks such as consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory. Location: Outer layer of the brain's cerebral hemispheres.

Role: Allow for quicker transmission of nerve impulses along an axon via saltatory conduction. Location: Gaps between myelin sheath on the neuron.

Role: Processes emotions such as fear, anger, and pleasure. It also helps determine what memories are stored and where they are stored in the brain. Location: Deep in the temporal lobes, part of the limbic system.

Role: Transmit information to and from the brain, serving functions such as smell, taste, hearing, and eye movements. Location: Emerge directly from the brain and brainstem.

Role: Regulates emotions, memory, and arousal. Location: Deep within the brain beneath the cortex.