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Muscular System Overview
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External Oblique
Primary function: Torsion and lateral flexion of the trunk. Location: Lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen.
Hamstrings
Primary function: Knee flexion and hip extension. Location: Posterior thigh.
Gastrocnemius
Primary function: Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint. Location: Back part of the lower leg.
Trapezius
Primary function: Moves the scapulae and supports the arm. Location: Upper back, neck, and shoulder region.
Soleus
Primary function: Plantarflexion of the foot. Location: Lower leg, lying underneath the gastrocnemius.
Biceps Brachii
Primary function: Elbow flexion. Location: Anterior compartment of the upper arm.
Triceps Brachii
Primary function: Elbow extension. Location: Posterior compartment of the upper arm.
Deltoid
Primary function: Arm abduction. Location: Shoulder.
Gluteus Maximus
Primary function: Hip extension and lateral rotation. Location: Buttock region.
Latissimus Dorsi
Primary function: Arm adduction, extension, and internal rotation. Location: Lower back.
Rectus Abdominis
Primary function: Flexing the lumbar spine. Location: Front of the abdomen.
Quadriceps Femoris
Primary function: Knee extension; hip flexion. Location: Anterior thigh.
Gracilis
Primary function: Adducts the thigh, flexes, and medially rotates the leg. Location: Inner thigh.
Rectus Femoris
Primary function: Knee extension and hip flexion. Location: Anterior thigh.
Pectoralis Major
Primary function: Horizontal adduction of the arm. Location: Chest.
Sternocleidomastoid
Primary function: Rotates the head to the opposite side and flexes the neck. Location: Along the side of the neck.
Adductor Longus
Primary function: Adduction of the thigh. Location: Inner thigh.
Tibialis Anterior
Primary function: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. Location: Front of the lower leg.
Sartorius
Primary function: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint. Location: Anterior thigh.
Semitendinosus
Primary function: Knee flexion, hip extension, and internal rotation of the hip. Location: Posterior thigh.
Infraspinatus
Primary function: Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder joint. Location: Scapula, below the spine.
Vastus Lateralis
Primary function: Knee extension. Location: Lateral side of the thigh.
Brachioradialis
Primary function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow. Location: Forearm.
Vastus Medialis
Primary function: Knee extension. Location: Medial side of the thigh.
Iliopsoas
Primary function: Hip flexion. Location: Inner hip.
Rhomboid Major
Primary function: Retracts the scapula. Location: Upper back, between the scapula and the spine.
Levator Scapulae
Primary function: Elevates the scapula. Location: From the cervical spine to the upper part of the scapula.
Subscapularis
Primary function: Internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder. Location: Anterior surface of the scapula.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Primary function: Wrist flexion and radial abduction. Location: Forearm.
Piriformis
Primary function: External rotation of the hip. Location: Buttock region, near the top of the hip joint.
Extensor Digitorum
Primary function: Extends the fingers and the wrist. Location: Posterior (dorsal) side of the forearm.
Pectoralis Minor
Primary function: Stabilizes the scapula. Location: Beneath the pectoralis major in the chest.
Tibialis Posterior
Primary function: Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot. Location: In the deep posterior compartment of the leg.
Teres Major
Primary function: Internal rotation and adduction of the arm. Location: The outer edge of the scapula to the upper humerus.
Supraspinatus
Primary function: Abduction of the arm at the shoulder. Location: On top of the scapula, above the spine of the scapula.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Primary function: Wrist extension and adduction. Location: Forearm.
Erector Spinae
Primary function: Extends and rotates the vertebral column. Location: Runs along the spine from the sacrum to the skull.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Primary function: Flexes the fingers. Location: Anterior (palmar) side of the forearm.
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