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Muscular System Overview

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External Oblique

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Primary function: Torsion and lateral flexion of the trunk. Location: Lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen.

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Hamstrings

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Primary function: Knee flexion and hip extension. Location: Posterior thigh.

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Gastrocnemius

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Primary function: Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint. Location: Back part of the lower leg.

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Trapezius

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Primary function: Moves the scapulae and supports the arm. Location: Upper back, neck, and shoulder region.

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Soleus

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Primary function: Plantarflexion of the foot. Location: Lower leg, lying underneath the gastrocnemius.

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Biceps Brachii

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Primary function: Elbow flexion. Location: Anterior compartment of the upper arm.

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Triceps Brachii

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Primary function: Elbow extension. Location: Posterior compartment of the upper arm.

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Deltoid

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Primary function: Arm abduction. Location: Shoulder.

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Gluteus Maximus

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Primary function: Hip extension and lateral rotation. Location: Buttock region.

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Latissimus Dorsi

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Primary function: Arm adduction, extension, and internal rotation. Location: Lower back.

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Rectus Abdominis

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Primary function: Flexing the lumbar spine. Location: Front of the abdomen.

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Quadriceps Femoris

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Primary function: Knee extension; hip flexion. Location: Anterior thigh.

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Gracilis

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Primary function: Adducts the thigh, flexes, and medially rotates the leg. Location: Inner thigh.

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Rectus Femoris

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Primary function: Knee extension and hip flexion. Location: Anterior thigh.

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Pectoralis Major

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Primary function: Horizontal adduction of the arm. Location: Chest.

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Sternocleidomastoid

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Primary function: Rotates the head to the opposite side and flexes the neck. Location: Along the side of the neck.

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Adductor Longus

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Primary function: Adduction of the thigh. Location: Inner thigh.

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Tibialis Anterior

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Primary function: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. Location: Front of the lower leg.

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Sartorius

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Primary function: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint. Location: Anterior thigh.

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Semitendinosus

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Primary function: Knee flexion, hip extension, and internal rotation of the hip. Location: Posterior thigh.

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Infraspinatus

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Primary function: Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder joint. Location: Scapula, below the spine.

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Vastus Lateralis

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Primary function: Knee extension. Location: Lateral side of the thigh.

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Brachioradialis

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Primary function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow. Location: Forearm.

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Vastus Medialis

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Primary function: Knee extension. Location: Medial side of the thigh.

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Iliopsoas

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Primary function: Hip flexion. Location: Inner hip.

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Rhomboid Major

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Primary function: Retracts the scapula. Location: Upper back, between the scapula and the spine.

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Levator Scapulae

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Primary function: Elevates the scapula. Location: From the cervical spine to the upper part of the scapula.

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Subscapularis

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Primary function: Internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder. Location: Anterior surface of the scapula.

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Flexor Carpi Radialis

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Primary function: Wrist flexion and radial abduction. Location: Forearm.

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Piriformis

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Primary function: External rotation of the hip. Location: Buttock region, near the top of the hip joint.

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Extensor Digitorum

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Primary function: Extends the fingers and the wrist. Location: Posterior (dorsal) side of the forearm.

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Pectoralis Minor

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Primary function: Stabilizes the scapula. Location: Beneath the pectoralis major in the chest.

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Tibialis Posterior

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Primary function: Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot. Location: In the deep posterior compartment of the leg.

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Teres Major

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Primary function: Internal rotation and adduction of the arm. Location: The outer edge of the scapula to the upper humerus.

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Supraspinatus

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Primary function: Abduction of the arm at the shoulder. Location: On top of the scapula, above the spine of the scapula.

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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

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Primary function: Wrist extension and adduction. Location: Forearm.

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Erector Spinae

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Primary function: Extends and rotates the vertebral column. Location: Runs along the spine from the sacrum to the skull.

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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

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Primary function: Flexes the fingers. Location: Anterior (palmar) side of the forearm.

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